Lesson 29 - Prokaryotic vs eukaryotic cells

Question 1

What are the 3 domains of life?

Answer 1

Archaea
Bacteria
Eukarya

Question 2

Which 2 domains are prokaryotes?

Answer 2

bacteria and archaea

Question 3

Which domain is eukaryotic?

Answer 3

eukarya

Question 4

Name some examples of Archaea

Answer 4

methanogens
hyperthomphiles
extreme halophiles

Question 5

name some examples of Bacteria

Answer 5

proteobacteria
mitochondrion
gram-positive bacteria
cyanobacteria
chloroplast
hyperthomophiles

Question 6

name some examples of Eukarya

Answer 6

animals
plants
fungi
slime molds
flagellates
giardia

Question 7

what are the 3 crown species of Eukarya?

Answer 7

animals
plants
fungi

Question 8

what are the differences between a eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?

Answer 8

• prokaryotic cells are much smaller
• prokaryotic cells have a cytoplasm that lacks membrane bound organelles
• prokaryotic cells have 70s ribosomes, eukaryotic cells have 80s ribosomes
• prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus
• prokaryotic cells have a cell wall made of murein/glycoprotein

Question 9

Name some basic features of a typical prokaryotic cell

Answer 9

• Small (about 0.1-10 micrometers) & simple structure
• Have no distinct nucleus (plasmid DNA instead)
• No membrane bound organelles
• a cytoplasm
• a plasma membrane
• 70s ribosomes

Question 10

Name some basic features of a typical eukaryotic cell

Answer 10

• Larger (10-100 micrometers depending on cell type), more complex cells & organisms
• Have a distinct nucleus and membrane bound organelles
• 80s ribosomes
• an endoplasmic reticulum (rough and smooth)
• a cytoplasm
• a cell membrane
• mitochondria

Question 11

How are chromosomes formed?

Answer 11

A DNA double helix wraps around histone proteins. Each group of histone proteins that is wrapped in a DNA double helix is called a nucleosome. These coil furthr into supercoils, to make chromosomes.

Question 12

points on prokaryotic cells (when comparing with eukaryotic cells)

Answer 12

• They make up prokaryotic organisms which are simple single-celled/unicellular organisms eg. bacteria
• No true nucleus, only an area in the cytoplasm where the DNA is found (nucleoid)
• DNA is circular (not associated with proteins) & extra plasmids
• No membrane-bounded organelles present
• Ribosomes are smaller (70S)
• Cell wall made of murein
• Has an outer layer called a capsule for protection
• Cytoplasm present
• Cell membrane present

Question 13

points on eukaryotic cells (when comparing with prokaryotic cells)

Answer 13

• They make up eukaryotic organisms which are larger, more complex organisms (can be unicellular or more usually multicellular organisms) eg. Animals, Plants, Fungi
• True nucleus in which the DNA is contained
• DNA is linear (associated with proteins called histones) & no plasmids
• Membrane-bounded organelles present
• Ribosomes are larger (80S)
• Cell wall made of cellulose in plants and chitin in fungi (no cell wall in animal cells)
• No capsule
• Cytoplasm present
• Cell membrane present