Lesson 30 - Endomembrane system/organelles working together

Question 1

What is the endomembrane system?

Answer 1

Organelles working together to transport molecules round the cell

Question 2

What are vesicles?

Answer 2

They are a sphere of phospholipid bilayer that transport substances from one part of the cell to another

Question 3

Describe the ways in which organelles work together in the production, transport and release of proteins from eukaryotic cells (5)

Answer 3

1. DNA in the nucleus is the code (for protein)
2. Ribosomes/rough endoplasmic reticulum produce (protein)
3. Mitochondria produce ATP (for protein synthesis)
4. Golgi apparatus packages/modifies the protein
   OR
   Carbohydrate added (to protein) by golgi apparatus
5. Vesicles/Rough endoplasmic reticulum transports
6. (Vesicles) fuse with cell membrane

Question 4

Name an organelle found in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

Answer 4

ribosomes
cytoplasm

Question 5

Name an organelle found in plant cells which contains inner membrane which are arranged in stacks

Answer 5

chloroplast

Question 6

Name a larger organelle that is surrounded by an envelope through which there are pores, there is usauly only 1 of these per cell

Answer 6

nucleus

Question 7

Name a smaller organelle surrounded by an outer membrane. It has an inner membrane which is folded to form cristae.

Answer 7

mitochondria

Question 8

What is the endosymbiotic theory (Endosymbiosis) ?

Answer 8

a theory that Eukaryotes evolved from Prokaryotes

Question 9

Which ancestral prokaryote is now the mitochondria?

Answer 9

Aerobic bacterium

Question 10

Which ancestral prokaryote is now the chloroplast?

Answer 10

Cyanobacterium

Question 11

What is inside a mitochonria?

Answer 11

70s ribosome
matrix (cytoplasm)
circular DNA
Crista (folds in the inner membrane)
Inner and outer membrane
inter cristal space/inner chamber

Question 12

What is inside a chloroplast?

Answer 12

70s ribosomes
stroma
granums (split into individual thylakoids)
lumen (hollow space inside each thylakoid)
Lamellae
Inner and outer membrane
intermembrane space
Nucleoid (ring of DNA)

Question 13

What is some evidence that supports the endosymbiotic theory?

Answer 13

• Some organelles have double membranes (outer membrane may be vesicular in origin)
• reproduction occurs via a fission-like process in some organelles
• Some organelles have their own DNA which is naked and circular (like prokaryotic DNA structure)
• Some organelles have ribosomes which have 70s size (identical to prokaryotic ribosomes)

Question 14

cell definition

Answer 14

smallest unit of life

Question 15

tissue definition

Answer 15

an association of cells with the same general structure and function

Question 16

organ definition

Answer 16

an association of several tissue types that carry out a specific function

Question 17

organ system definition

Answer 17

2 or more organs that work together to carry out a general function, such as digestion or movement

Question 18

what are the different tissues in the stomach?

Answer 18

epithelial, connective, muscle and nervous tissue

Question 19

what is the epithelial tissue in charge of?

Answer 19

lining, transport, secretion and absorption

Question 20

what is the connective tissue in charge of?

Answer 20

support, strength and elasticity

Question 21

what is the muscle tissue in charge of?

Answer 21

movement

Question 22

what is the nervous tissue in charge of?

Answer 22

information processing, communication and control