Lesson 4 Flashcards
what did the behavioural aproach is about?
Human Relation Movement
focuses on the person and considers what inspires and encourages their success at work.
what kind of experiments did Elton Mayo did?
Hathrone Experiments
* 4 experiments were done in the time period of 1920 - 1930
what are the four main experiments done by elton mayo?
- Illumination experments
- relay assembly test room
- Mass interview programme
- bank wiring observation room
illumination experments ආලෝකකරණ අත්හදා බැලීම්
The researchers discovered that increasing the brightness in the experimental group increased production in both groups.
When the brightness of the lighting was reduced, production increased in both groups.
Only when the illumination was reduced to the level of moonlight did the experimental group’s production decrease.
As a result, it was decided that illumination seemed to have no effect on productivity.
Relay Assembly Test Room experiments
- Was designed to determine the effect of changes in various job conditions on group productivity.
- Involved assembly of telephone relays
- depending on how quickly and consistently the women worked
what were done in Mass interviewing programme?
- Method changed from direct interviewing to non directive interviewing
- interviewer was asked to listen instead of talking, arguing or advising
what kind of insights guven by the mass inetrviewing programme?
- wrokers behaviour wwas influenced by group behaviur
- The worker uses their position as a point of reference to understand events.
- A worker’s social demands are impacted by group interactions onboth inside and outside of the workplace.
what is bank wiring observation?
- was done to examine how small groups function and how that affects individual behavior.
- The idea was that workers would produce more in order to earn more.
- To get bonus they’d help each other to produce more
- but the hypothesis was incorrect because employees set their own personal goals that were lower than the company’s goals.
- The study concluded that informal connections play a significant role in shaping people’s behavior.
Why did employees in the bank wiring observation room experiment provide limited output?
- fear of unemployement :Some of the workers would lose their jobs if there were more production per person.
- fear of raising the standards: Employees believed that once they met the management standard, they would raise it again.
- protection of slower workers: Both on and off the job, the workers were friendly. By not overproducing, the faster workers protected the slower ones.
- satisfaction on the part of management: No one was fired, so management appeared to accept lower production rates and output restrictions.
impacts of hawthrone studies
- Observing people’s behavior has been shown to change their behavior (Hawthorne Effect)
- Relationships between workers and their supervisors are powerful
- The upward communication has a strong influence.
- Recognize the existence of informal communication.
what are theory X negative assumptions?
- Employee dislikes work
- They like to be led by others
- Prefer financial benefits
A leader must apply high - level decision making, rules, and supervision.
what are theory Y positive assumptions?
- Employee naturally likes work,
- Take responsibilities in a positive work environment
- Participates in organizational activities with enthusiasm.
A leader must employ a completely different system of employee management than those who hold theory X assumptions.
what is quantitative management?
the use of quantitative methods to decision-making,
such as,
statistics, information models, and computer simulations
two main categories of quantative approach?
- management science
2. operational research
explain management science
applies mathematical models and statistical techniques to management decision making
