lesson 12 ( leadership)

Question 1

definition of Leader and leadership

Answer 1

leader : someone who can influence others and who has managerial authority

leadership : a process of influencing a group to achieve goals

Question 2

what are the 2 theories of leaderships?

Answer 2

1. Traits throey

2. behaviioural theory

Question 3

Leadership Traits theory

Answer 3

1. Honesty and integrity.
   Leaders build trusting relationships with followers by being truthful or nondeceitful and by showing high consistency between word and deed.
2. Self-confidence.
   Followers look to leaders for an absence of self-doubt. Leaders,
   therefore, need to show self-confidence in order to convince followers of the
   rightness of their goals and decisions.
3. Intelligence.
   Leaders need to be intelligent enough to gather, synthesize, and
   interpret large amounts of information, and they need to be able to create visions, solve problems, and make correct decisions.
4. Extraversion.
   Leaders are energetic, lively people. They are sociable, assertive,
   and rarely silent or withdrawn.
5. drive :
   If the leader puts out good effort and inspires others to be enthusiastic and want to accomplish things,
6. desire to lead
   get their followers to accomplish goals, have desire to influce and willingly take responsibilitty

Question 4

Leadership behaviournal theory

Answer 4

leadership theories that identify behaviors that differentiate effective leaders from ineffective leaders

Question 5

what are the four main leader behavior studies ?

Answer 5

1. University of Iowa studies
2. Ohio State studies
3. University of Michigan studies
4. Managerial Grid

Question 6

University of Iowa Studies

Answer 6

1. Autocratic style:
   A leader makes decisions on what others should do and convinces them to carry out tasks.
2. Democratic style: A leader gets ideas from employees , involves them in decision making and uses feedback as an opportunity for coaching employees
3. Laissez-faire style: a leader who lets the group make decisions and complete the work in whatvever they see fit

Question 7

Ohio State Studies

Answer 7

Initiating structure: The leader decides the roles of the group of employees in accomplishing goals.

Consideration: leader will have a professional intreactions with employees with mutual trsut and respect

High–high leader: a leader high in both initiating structure and consideration behaviors

Question 8

Two dimensions of leadership:

University of Michigan Studies

Answer 8

1. Employee oriented

2. Production oriented

Question 9

The Managerial Grid

Answer 9

a two-dimensional grid for appraising leadership styles

include 5 styles of controls

low concern for people (left bottm)
high concern people (left up)
authority obedience (right bottom)
middle of the road leadership( middle)
team leadership (right top)

2 leadership beahviours

Y- Concern for people
x- concern for production

Question 10

what are the 3 contigency theories?

Answer 10

1. fiedler model
2. Hersey and Blanchard’s Situational Leadership Style
3. Path-Goal Model

Question 11

Fiedler’s Situational Contingencies

leadership style task and relationship orientated

Answer 11

Leader–member relations: describes the degree of confidence, trust, and respect employees have for their leader

Task structure: describes the degree to which job assignments are formalized and structured

Position power: influence a leader has over activities such as hiring, firing, discipline, promotions, and salary increases