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Medical Terminology > Lesson 14 - Cancer Medicine, Radiology & Nuclear Medicine > Flashcards

Lesson 14 - Cancer Medicine, Radiology & Nuclear Medicine Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
0
Q

antibiotics

A

Chemical substances, produced by bacteria, that inhibit the growth of cells; used in cancer chemotherapy

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1
Q

adenoma

A

A tumor of glandular or epithelial origin.

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2
Q

benign

A

Non-cancerous

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3
Q

biological therapy

A

Use of the body’s own defense mechanisms to fight tumor cells.

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4
Q

bone marrow

A

Aspiration of bone marrow tissue and examination under a microscope for evidence of malignant cells.

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5
Q

carcinogens

A

Agents that cause cancer; chemicals and drugs, radiation, and viruses.

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6
Q

carcinoma

A

Cancerous tumor made up of cells of epithelial origin.

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7
Q

chemotherapy

A

Treatment with drugs

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8
Q

contrast studies

A

Materials (contrast media) are injected to obtain contrast with surrounding tissue when shown on the x-ray film.

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9
Q

cystic

A

Forming large open spaces filled with fluid.

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10
Q

deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

A

Genetic material within the nucleus of a cell; controls cell division and protein synthesis.

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11
Q

diffuse

A

Spreading evenly throughout the affected tissue.

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12
Q

fiberoptic colonoscopy

A

Visual examination of the colon using a fiberoptic instrument.

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13
Q

follicular

A

Forming small, microscopic, gland-type sacs. Thyroid gland cancer is an example.

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14
Q

genetic screening

A

Family members are tested to determine whether they have inherited a cancer-causing gene.

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15
Q

grading of tumors

A

Evaluating the degree of maturity of tumor cells.

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16
Q

histogenesis

A

Identification of the type of tissue from which tumor cells arise.

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17
Q

hyperplasia

A

Rapid growth

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18
Q

hysterosalpingography

A

An x-ray of the endometrial cavity and Fallopian tubes after injecting contrast material through a catheter inserted through the vagina and into the endocervical canal. This procedure determines the patency of the Fallopian tubes.

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19
Q

infiltrative

A

Extending beyone normal tissue boundaries.

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20
Q

intravenous pyelogram (IVP)

A

X-ray images are made of the renal pelvis and urinary tract after contrast is injected into a vein.

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21
Q

invasive

A

Having the ability to enter and destroy surrounding tissue.

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22
Q

laparoscopy

A

Visual examination of the abdominal cavity using small incisions and a laparoscope.

23
Q

leukemia

A

Tumors derived from bone marrow.

24
Q

malignant

A

Tending to become worse and result in death; having the characteristics of invasiveness and metastasis.

25
Q

mammography

A

X-ray examination of the breasts to detect breast cancer.

26
Q

metastasis

A

(meta=beyond; -stasis=control) Spread of a malignant tumor to a secondary site.

27
Q

modality

A

Method of treatment, such as surgery, chemotherapy, or radiation.

28
Q

morbidity

A

The condition of being diseased.

29
Q

mutation

A

(mut/a=genetic change) Change in the genetic material (DNA) of a cell; may be caused by chemicals, radiation, or viruses or may occur spontaneously.

30
Q

myelography

A

An x-ray of the spinal cord after injecting contrast agent into the space around the spinal cord. Usually performed on patient’s who cannot have an MRI.

31
Q

necrotic

A

Containing dead tissue.

32
Q

N&V

A

Nausea and vomting.

33
Q

needle biopsy

A

Insertion of a needle into a tissue to remove a core of tissue.

34
Q

neoplasm

A

(tumor) New growth; benign or malignant tumors.

35
Q

nodular

A

Forming multiple areas of tightly packed clusters of cells with lightly populated areas in between.

36
Q

nuclear medicine

A

Medical specialty that studies the uses of radioactive substances (radionuclides) in diagnosis of disease.

37
Q

oncology

A

The study of tumors.

38
Q

palliative

A

Relieving, but not curing symptoms.

39
Q

papillary

A

Forming small, finger-like or nipple-like projections of cells. (i.e. Bladder cancer may be described as this.)

40
Q

polypoid

polyp/o=polyp

A

Growths that are like projections extending outward from a base of stalk. (i.e. colon polyps)

41
Q

protocol

A

An explicit, detailed plan for treatment.

42
Q

radiation

A

Energy carried by a stream of particles. Various forms of radiation can cause cancer.

43
Q

radiology

A

Medical specialty concerned with the study of x-rays and their use in the diagnosis of disease; includes other forms of energy, such as ultrasound and magnetic waves.

44
Q

radiotherapy

A

Treatment using radiation; radiation oncology.

45
Q

relapse

A

Return of symptoms of disease.

46
Q

retrograde pyelogram

A

X-ray images are made of the renal pelvis and urinary tract after dye is injected directly into the urethra, bladder, and ureters.

47
Q

sarcoma

A

(sarc/o=flesh, connective tissue) Cancerous tumor derived from connective tissue.

48
Q

sonogram

A

The record produced derived from connective tissue.

49
Q

staging of tumors

A

System of evaluating the extent of the spread of tumors.

50
Q

steroids

A

Complex, naturally occurring chemicals, such as hormones, that are used as chemotherapeutic agents.

51
Q

tumor (-oma)

A

Cancer cells that accumulate as growths which compress, invade, and ultimately destroy the surrounding normal tissue.

52
Q

ulcerating

A

Characterized by an open, exposed surface resulting from the death of overlying tissue. Often found in the stomach, breast, colon and skin.

53
Q

ultrasound (US, U/S)

A

(ultra=beyond) Diagnostic technique that projects and retrieves high-frequency sound waves as they echo off parts of the body.

54
Q

virus

A

An infectious agent that reproduces by entering a host cell and using the host’s genetic material to make copies of itself.

Medical Terminology (13 decks)

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