Lesson 10 - Musculoskeletal System Flashcards
arthrocentesis
Surgical puncture to remove fluid from the joint space.
artritis
Inflammation of the joints.
arthrodesis
Bones are fused across the joint space by surgery. Usually done when a joint is very painful, unstable, or chronically infected.
arthroplasty
Surgical repair of a joint.
atrophy
(-trophy=development; nourishment) To waste away.
bone (oste/o)
Dense, hard, connective tissue composing the skeleton.
bone density test
Low-energy x-rays taken of bones in the spinal column, pelvis, and wrist.
bone marrow (myel/o)
Tissue inside a bone that consists of blood and immature and mature blood cells in various stages of development.
bursa (singular) (burs/o)
bursae (plural)
Sac of fluid near a joint; promotes smooth sliding of one tissue against another.
bursitis
Inflammation of sacs of fluid located near, but not within a joint.
bunion
Abnormal swelling of the medial aspect of the joint between the big toe and the first metatarsal bone.
calcium
One of the mineral constituents of bone.
carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS)
Compression (by a wrist ligament) of the median nerve as it passes between the ligament and the bones and tendons of the wrist (the carpal tunnel).
cartilage (chondr/o)
cartilaginous tissue
Flexible, rubbery connective tissue. It is found in the immature skeleton at the growth plate and on joint surfaces.
cleft palate
Occurs when the two large bones that compose the upper jawbone do not come together normally before birth.
chiropractor
(chir/o = hand) One who uses physical means (hands) to manipulate the spinal column, believing that disease is caused by pressure on nerves.
dislocation
Displacement of a bone from its joint.
electromyography (EMG)
Process of recording the strength of muscle contraction as a result of electrical stimulation.
extension
Straightening of a flexed limb.
fibromyalgia
Chronic pain and stiffness in muscles, joints, and fibrous tissue, especially of the back, shoulders, neck, hips, and knees.
fissure
Narrow, slit-like opening in or between bones.
fracture
Traumatic breaking of a bone.
intramuscular (IM)
Within the substance of a muscle.
joint
Places at which bones come together.
ligament
Connective tissue binding bones to other bones; supports, strengthens, and stabilized the joint.
Lyme Disease
A recurrent disorder marked by severe arthritits, myalgia, malaise, and neurologic and cardiac symptoms.
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
Radio waves and magnetic field create images of soft tissue.
metacarpals
Hand bones
metatarsals
Foot bones.
muscle
Attached to bones, internal organs, and blood vessels that are responsible for movement.
muscular dystrophy
A group of inherited diseases characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of muscle fibers without involvement of the nervous system.
myopathy
Disease of muscle/muscle disease
orthopedist
(orth/o=straight)(ped/o=child) Physician who treats bones and bone and joint diseases. (Originally, orthopedics was a branch of medicine dealing with correcting deformities in children.)
osteoarthritis (OA)
Progressive, degenerative joint disease characterized by loss of cartilage and hypertrophy of bone (formation of bone spurs)
osteocytes
Bone cells
osteoporosis
Decrease in bone density (mass); thinning and weakening of bone.
osseous tissue
Bone tissue.
polymyalgia
Pain in many muscles.
ROM
Range of motion.
rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
(rheumat/o=watery flow) Chronic disease in which joints become inflamed and painful.
rheumatologist
A physician who primarily treats joint diseases.
scoliosis
(scoli/o=crooked; bent) The spinal column is bent abnormally to the side.
sinus
Hollow cavity within a bone.
spinal stenosis
(-stenosis=narrowing) Narrowing of the neural canal or nerve root canals in the lumbar spine.
sprain
Trauma to a joint with pain, swelling, and injury to ligaments.
strain
Overstretching of muscle
tendon (ten/o)
Connective tissue that binds muscle to bones.
tendinitis
Inflammation of the connective tissue that binds muscles to bones.
vertebra (singular)
vertebrae (plural)
(spondyl/o or vertebr/o)
An individual backbone
