Lesson 13 Part 3

Question 1

6 anomalies related to ureteral bud

Answer 1

Renal agenesis 
Supernumerary Kidney
Duplex Collecting System and Ureterocele
Ureteropelvic Junction Obstruction
Congenital Megacalices
Congenital Megaureter

Question 2

Renal agenesis

Answer 2

Failure of formation

Unilateral or bilateral

Question 3

Causes of renal agenesis

Answer 3

Absence of metanephrogenic blastema
absence of ureteral bud development
absence of interaction and penetration of the ureteral buds with metanephrogenic blastema

Question 4

Supernumerary kidney

Answer 4

Rare
Extra small kidney
Location above, below, in front or behind normal kidney
Sonographically – an extra kidney can be found (can be

Question 5

Symptoms of supernumerary kidney

Answer 5

Pain, fever, hypertension, palpable abdominal mass

Question 6

Types of duplex systems

Answer 6

Complete and incomplete

Unilateral and bilateral

Question 7

Urecterocele

Answer 7

Urecterocele:
a congenital abnormality found in the distal ureter
Distal ureter balloons at UVJ forming a sac-like pouch
associated with a duplicated collection system
incidental and clinically insignificant

Question 8

Duplex complications

Answer 8

Ureteral obstruction
Recurrent or persist uti

Treatment is surgery

Question 9

Congenital megaureter

Answer 9

Most common in males
Results in functional ureteric obstruction
Left ureter is more common
Ultrasound: Fusiform dilation @ 3rd of the ureter

Question 10

Anomolies related to vascular development

Answer 10

Retrocaval ureter

Aberrant vessels

Question 11

Anomalies related to bladder development

Answer 11

Bladder agenesis
Bladder duplication
Bladder extrophy
Urachal anomalies

Question 12

Anomalies related to urethral development

Answer 12

Diverticula

Question 13

Retrocaval ureter

Answer 13

Abnormal embryogenesis of IVC,  ureter passes behind the IVC before entering the pelvis
Predominantly right ureter
 males 3:1
symptoms 
right flank pain and UTI  F

Question 14

Bladder agenesis

Answer 14

Very rare
Stillborn
In US bladder is absent

Question 15

3 types of bladder duplication

Answer 15

Peritoneal fold
Internal septum
Transverse band: band of muscle that divides the bladder into two unequal cavities

Question 16

Bladder exstrophy

Answer 16

Part of the bladder is present outside the body and often is inside out

Male 2:1 ratio

Failure of the abdominal wall to close during fetal development

Question 17

Urachal anomalies

Answer 17

Remnant of the channel between bladder and umbilicus

4 types 
Patent urachus 
Urachal cyst 
Urachal sinus 
Diverticulum

Question 18

Urethral diverticulum

Answer 18

Pocket or outpouching forms next to urethra and connects with urethra