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Normal > Frmale Pelvis Part 2 > Flashcards

Frmale Pelvis Part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Sonographic appearance in reproductive years

A

Vary depending on stage of menstral cycle

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2
Q

For size measurement we take

A

Take AP measurement at the thickest part

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3
Q

LMP is

A

Day 1 of the first day of mense

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4
Q

Average menstrual cycle = ___ days

A

28 days

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5
Q

4 stages of menstral cycle

A

Early proliferative
Later proliferative
Secretory
Menses

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6
Q

Early proliferative

A

Day 5-13

5-7 mm

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7
Q

Late proliferative

A

Day 14-16

>11mm

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8
Q

Secretory phase

A

Days 16-28

16mm

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9
Q

Menses

A

Day 1 to 5

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10
Q

Patient history for female pelvis exam

A

RLQ, LLQ, chronic, acute, pregnancy

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11
Q

Transabdomindal ultra sound

A

Global view
Limited patients ability to hold and fill bladder, obese patients, retroverted uterus (beyond focal zone of transducer)
Limited resolution depth

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12
Q

Reasons for full bladder

A

Displaces uterus
Displaces gas
Use as an acoustic window

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13
Q

Technical difficulties on transabdominal US

A

Obeses
Surgical scar
Gas
Dressing

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14
Q

Advantages of transvag

A

Better resolution higher frequency transducer
Obese patients
Patients who cannot fill bladder
Retroverted uterus
Better distinction adnexal masses and bowel
Better characterization of internal pelvic mass
better detail of pelvic lesion
better detail of endometrium

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15
Q

Disadvantage tot TVP

A

Small feild of view

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16
Q

4 portions of fallopian tubes

A

Intramural
Isthmus
Ampulla
Infindibulum

17
Q

Length of tubes

A

7-12 cm

18
Q

Intramural

A

1 cm long, narrowest portion

Contained within muscular wall uterus

19
Q

Isthmus

A

Medial third of tube

Slighty wider and cordlike

20
Q

Ampulla

A

Tortuous, approx half the lenth

21
Q

Infindibulum

A

Most distal portion
Funnel shaped end
Opens into the peritoneal cavity

22
Q

Overies covered by single layer called

A

Germinal epitherlium which become continuous with peritoneum at the hilim of ovary

23
Q

Ovary sections

A

Germinal epithelium -> single layer
Tunica albuginea -> fibrous capsule
Cortex-> where the follicles develop and mature
Medulla-> smaller in volume than cortex , composed of fibrous tissue and blood vessels

24
Q

Mesovarian ligament

A

Attaches anterior surface of ovary to posterior surface of broad ligament

25
Q

Ovarian ligament

A

Attaches lower pole of ovary to uterus

26
Q

Suspensory ligament

A

Attaches upper pole to lateral wall of pelvis lateral extension of broad ligament
Carries ovarian vessels and nerves

27
Q

Ovarian arteries

A

From aorta just inferior to renal arteries
Run within suspensory ligament
Gives off branches to ovaries
Anastomose with branches of uterine artery

28
Q

Ovarian veins

A

Right ovarian vein drains into IVC

Left ovarian vein drains into left Renal Vein (Remember Lt Gondal vein aka. Lt ovarian in

29
Q

Ovaries sonographic appearance

A 
Uterine position influences ovarian position
Example: uterus is left sided the ipsilateral ovary can lie superior to fundus of uterus
Usually lateral or posterolaterally to anteflexed midline uterus
Variable positions (laxity of ligaments)
30
Q

Menstrating adult female variable size of ovary

A

6.8 cc

31
Q

Echotexture of ovary

A

Homogenous

32
Q

Echogenicity of ovary

A 
Echogenicity
Central, more echogenic medulla
Small, well defined anechoic or cystic follicles may be seen in periphery in the cortex
Echogenic ovarian foci
Commonly seen
Non-shadowing
33
Q

Echogenic foci in vary

A

Usually in periphery but can be diffuse

Specular reflectors of tiny, unresolved cysts

34
Q

Focal calcification in ovary

A

Occasionally seen

35
Q

Changes in ovary during early proliferative phase

A

Follicles stimulated by FSH (follicle stimulating hormone) and LH (luteinizing hormone)
Increase in size until day 8 or 9
One follicle becomes Dominant
Dominant reaches size 2.0 to 2.5 cm at ovulation
Follicular cyst develops if fluid in one of the nondominant follicles is not resorbed

36
Q

Corpus luteum

A

Develops after ovulation
“empty house”
Seen as a small, hypoechoic or isoechoic structure in periphery of ovary
Involutes before menstruation

37
Q

Sonographic appearance of corpus luteum

A

Small size and lack of follicles

Less likely to be seen after hysterectomy due to loss of normal anatomic landmarks

38
Q

Postmenopausal ovary sonographic appearance

A

Small
Lack of follicles or completely absent
Hard to find on US

39
Q

ADNEXA

A

appendages or accessory structures of an organ

Example in the female pelvis the uterus, the adnexa refers to the adjacent structures:
the uterine tubes and ligaments and ovaries
Take an image of the right and left adnexa, adjacent to uterus

Normal (21 decks)

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