Lecture 2 Flashcards
What does window refer too
Refers to using positioning to where we can best view an organ (liver makes for a good window)
Difference in the Parietal peritoneum of males and females
Males is a closed cavity, females it is open to the folopian tubes
What makes and organ intraperitoneal
Organ within the peritoneum between the visceral and perietal layers
Intraperitonal organs
Liver (except bar area), gall bladder, spleen, stomach, ovaries and majority of intestines
Retroperitoneum lies ___
Outside the peritoneal cavity, towards the back
Retroperitoneal organs include
Great vessles, pancreas, kidneys, urinary bladder, rectum, majority of doudenum
Uterus vagina
Prostate
Sometimes the pertoneum can be seen on ultrasound if….
The patient has ascites (increase in abdominal fluid)
Omentums are used for
Insululation of the organ (it is a layer of fat
Psoas as it goes inferior bcomes
Iliopsoas
What is the QL known as
Kidney bed
Appearance of muscles of US
Medium level of echogenicity, may have high echogenitic fibrous strands
Fat appearance on US
Vaires depending on water content
Pure fat is anechoic
Appearance of Linea Alba on US
Hyper echoic compared to muscle
Split image artifact
Transverse planes at the midline sound is refracted at the muscle/ fat interface
Smaller structure sin abdomen or pelvis appear duplicated
Artifact is only seen in transverse plane
Right crura appear as thin _______ band
Hypoechoic
The diaphragm is generally seen a s thin _____ band but appears as ______ between liver
Hypoechoic
Echogenic
Contour of the diaphragm
Smooth
Diaphragmatic slips
Normal prominent muscular insertions
Transveres they can appear as focal echogenic masses
Long axis they elongate and becmoe larger with inspiration
Mirror image artifact in diaphragm
A second thin echogenic line superior to the diaphragm/ lung interphase can appear
Liver tissue can be seen opposite side of diaphragm in thoracic cavity “not real”
3 layers of artery and veins
Tunica intima Tunica media Tunica externa (adventia)
Tunica intima is
Endothelium and very smooth
Tunica media is
Muscular component
Tunica externa is
Connective tissue
WHere does aorta bifurcate
L4
What level does the aorta become more anterior than the IVC
Level of the renal arteries
The aorta has _____ walls
Smooth
3 patient positions used to visualize the aorta
Supine most cmmon
Left lateral decubitus
Right lateral decebitus
When scanning aorta we us ____ to ____Mhtz transducer
3.5 to 5
Windows for view aorta
Can use left lobe of liver as a window in trans
Size of aorta proximal and distal and should be no bigger than
2.5 cm prox
<1.5 distal
Less than 3 cm overall
Aorta walls have a ____ shape
Tubular
3 celiac trunk branches
Left gastric artery (smallest)
Splenic artery (largest
Common hepatic artery
Which is longer R or L renal artery
Right
Right renal artery courses ____ to the IVC
Posteriorly
Gastroesophageal junction is _____ to the surrounding tissue
Hyperechoic
Right crus of diaphragm seen ______ to the GE junctino and______ to the aorta in sag view
Inferior to GE
Anterior to aorta
