Lesson 13 Flashcards
Ureters function as a
Conduit
Bladder acts as a
Reservoir for urine
Urethra functions as a
Conduit
Ureters aprox _____cm in length
25-30
Ureter courses
Inferiorly behind the parietal peritoneum anterior to the psoas muscle
Crosses iliac vessls anterior to the sacroiliac joint
Enters inferior bladder
Ureters composed of what 3 layer
Inner mucosal layer
Medial layer of longitudinal and circular smooth muscle
Outer fibrous layer
Ureter transport
Urine to bladder by urethral peristalsis
Varies depending of state of hydratio n
Junction of where the proximal leaves the kidney
UPJ
ureteropelvic junctoin
Distal ureter junction
UVJ
Ureterovesicle junction
Location of bladder
Pelvic cavity
Retro
Anatomical relationships of bladder
Anterior to vagina
Rests of prostate in men
Bladder wall made mostly of
Smooth muscle tissue
Inner wall layer forms folds called
Rugae
Ureters and urethra in bladder form
Trigone
Bladder functions (2)
Reservior for urine
Expels urine from the body
Patient prep: patients fill bladder ___to ___ Oz
24-32 ounces
Patient prep:
Patient prep: fill bladder approx. 24 to 32 ounces and fasting for 6 to 8 hours
Approaches:
(Bladder) Scan using anterior approach on pelvis
(kidneys) Scan using subcostal or coronal approach right and left sides
Patient positions:
Kidneys- scan in supine and decubitus (RLD or LLD) or right lateral oblique (left lateral oblique)
Use a 3.5 to 5MHz transducer
Scan kidneys in ____ planes and ____ positions
Two and two
Scan bladder in _____ and in _____ planes
Supine and two
Echogenicity of bladder
Anechoic fluid filled structure with echogenic walls
Contour of bladder
Smooth when full
Shape of bladder
Transverse appears square shaped with curved edges
Sagital triangular
Bladder volume =
LxHxW x 0,523 =cc
Length of bladder measure
In sagittal plane (diagonal)
Transverse measure AP ( _____) and right to left (_______)
Height and width
We take _______ volume and ____ volume
Prevoid
Postvoid
Normal bladder wall should be ______
Thin
Not routinely measured
May show ureter jets at the uvj with ____ to aid in _____
Colour doppler
Aid in providing no obstruction
Bladder can have ____ artifact in _________
Reverberation artifact
In near field (anterior)
To get rid of bladder reverberation we
Adjust gains
Pitfalls of the bladder
Obese patients
Surgical scars make artifacts
Abdominal dressing
7th week of the bladder _____ fuses with ________. This divides _____ nad ______
Urorectal septum with cloacal membrane
Divides urogenital sinus and dorsal rectum
In embryology the urogenital sinus is
Bladder
In embyrology the bladder is continus
With allantois
Allantois becomes
Urachus (fibrous cord aka median umbilical ligament)
When the bladder grows 2 things occur
Distal mesonephric ducts becomes part of the connective tissue into the bladder trigone
Ureters open into bladder
