Chapter 16 Part 2

Question 1

What can be confused for spleen

Answer 1

Extended liver

Question 2

Potential pitfal of seeing spleen

Answer 2

Ribs
Gas
Diaphragm

Question 3

Embryology of spleen

Answer 3

Arise from mesenchymal cells
Cells located between layers of dorsal mesentery
Cells differentiate to form
-splenic pulp
-splenic capsule
Base of the dorsal mesentery fuses with the posterior peritoneum
-Form splenorenal ligament

Question 4

Normal variants/ congenital anomalies dealing with number

Answer 4

Accessory
Asplenia
Polysplenia

Question 5

Normal variants/ congenital anomalies dealing with location

Answer 5

Wandering

Ectopic

Question 6

Accessory spleen

Answer 6

AKA:  “Splenule”
Most common 
Homogenous isoechoic mass similar to the spleen
Typically found 
hilum or inferior border of spleen

Question 7

Asplenia

Answer 7

Complete absence
Rare
May occur as part of a major congenital abnormality

Question 8

Polysplenia

Answer 8

Multiple small accessory spleen

Question 9

Wandering splee n

Answer 9

migrated from its normal location in the left upper quadrant.
dorsal mesentery fails to fuse properly with posterior peritoneum
lack of support ligaments

Question 10

Ectopic spleen

Answer 10

The spleen is located in the abdominal cavity outside of where it should be

Question 11

Lymphatics contains

Answer 11

Lymph, lyphatic vessels, lacteals, lymph nodes and spleen, bone marrow and thymus gland

Question 12

Lymphatics are distributed

Answer 12

Throughout the body and linked by lymphatic vessels

Question 13

We typically have ________ lymph nodes

Answer 13

500-600

Question 14

Locations we find clusters of lymph nodes

Answer 14

Inginual
Neck
Armpit
Abdomen

Question 15

Function of lyphatics

Answer 15

Collect and transport excess fluids, lymph, from interstitial spaces back into the venous system
Absorb fats from small intestine and transport them to the liver
Utilize lymphoid tissue and organs to produce cells that fight (immune system) and dispose of foreign material

Question 16

Common sites for abdominal lymph nodes

Answer 16

Paraaortic and paracaval areas near the great vessels
Peripancreatic area and porta hepatic area
Renal hilar area
Mesenteric

Question 17

Lymph nodes usually are named based on

Answer 17

Vessel it follows

Question 18

Size of lymph nodes

Answer 18

Less than 1 cm normally
Smaller than the tip of finger

Not normally imaged unless great scan and small patient

Typically seen when abnormal

Question 19

Superficial vs deep nodes require change is

Answer 19

Frequency

Question 20

Shape of LN

Answer 20

Ovoid shape

Question 21

LN consist of

Answer 21

Cortex and hilum

Question 22

Corts of LN is

Answer 22

Hypoechoic and concentric

Question 23

Hilum of lymph node

Answer 23

Echogenic/hyperechoic
Multiple reflective interfaces of blood vessels, fat and the central sinus
Can see blood flow in this region

Question 24

Sonogrpahic appearace of normal LN

Answer 24

Normally ovoid
AP is smaller than width or length
Have to see a fatty hilum
If abnormal (large, circular and lose fatty hilum): Hypoechoic masses and lots
If a person has an infection: Multiple and enlarged but still have fatty hilum and oval shape

Question 25

Scanning LN I would first place probe

Answer 25

Epigastric for abd