Leg and Foot Flashcards
7 tarsal bones of the foot
talus (top), calcaneus (heel), navicular and cuboid, 3 cuneiforms
cural fascia
surround all of the muscles of the leg
action and nerve supply of the superficial posterior compartment of the leg
plantar flexes the foot, supplied by tibial nerve
action and nerve supply of the deep posterior compartment of the leg
plantar flexes foot and toes, inverts foot, supplied by the tibial nerve
action and nerve supply of the lateral compartment of the leg
everts foot, supplied by the superficial peroneal nerve
action and nerve supply of the anterior compartment of the leg
dorsiflexes foot and toes, inverts foot, supplied by deep peroneal nerve
compartment syndrome
pressure builds up in leg compartment, compresses nerve than artery leading to avascular necrosis, biggest problem in anterior compartment
gastrocnemeus
originates on the chondyles of the femur, cross the knee joint posteriorly, plantar flexes the foot, supplied by tibial division of the sciatic nerve
soleus
deep to the gastrocnemeus, originates on soleal line of the tibia, supplied by tibial division of the sciatic nerve
plantaris
small muscle of the knee, long tendon, no real function, used for harvesting in surgery
calcaneal tendon reflex
tests S1 and S2 nerves
sural nerve
a branch is provided by the tibial nerve and common peroneal nerve and provides sensation to leg where small saphenous vein runs
flexor digitorum longus
flexes the four small toes, supplied by tibial nerve
flexor hallucis longus
flexes the big toe, supplied by tibial nerve
tibialis posterior
pulls the foot into plantar flexion, supplied by tibial nerve
Knot of Henry
Where the flexor digitorum longus crosses the flexor hallucis longus
Tom Dick AN Harry
structures that cross behind medial mallelous, tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, poterior tibial artery, tibial nerve, flexor hallucis longus
flexor retinaculum
keeps structures in place that travel through the tarpal tunnel to the foot
peroneus longus
goes under the foot and attaches to the medial cuneiform bone of the foot, evert the foot, supplied by superficial peroneal nerve
peroneus brevis
attaches to the tuberostiy of the 5th metatarsal, everts the foot, supplied by superficial peroneal nerve
tibialis anterior
helps to extend of dorisflex the foot, supplied by deep peroneal nerve
extensor digitorum longus
extends big toe, supplied by deep peroneal nerve
extensor hallicus longus
extends four small toes, supplied by deep peroneal nerve
extensor retinaculum
keeps the extensor muscles in place
drop foot
damage to the deep peroneal nerve
subtalar joint of the foot
between talus and calcaneus, allows inversion and eversion
sustentaculum tali
calcaneus shifted toward lateral side of the foot, this shelf of bone holds up the rest of the foot
transverse tarsal joint
allows for rotation of the midfoot, can add to inversion and eversion
plantar ligaments
maintain the arch of the foot by pulling forefoot toward hind foot
high ankle sprain
damage the tibiofibular ligaments
deltoid ligament
resists eversion of the foot, tibia to calcalenus, tibia to navicular, tibia to talus, damages with severe eversion
low ankle sprain
pulling of the lateral ligaments of the foot, most common is the anterior talofibular ligament
trimalleolar fracture
begins when foot is everted, deltoid ligament breaks, talus moves laterally and fractures lateral malelous, tibia moves forward and can fracture
plantar aponeurosis
most superficial muscle of the foot
blood supply for the plantar surface of the foot
posterior tibial artery, branches to lateral and medial plantar arter
blood supply for the dorsal surface of the foot
anterior tibial artery, branches to the dorsalis pedis artery
