Leg and Foot

Question 1

7 tarsal bones of the foot

Answer 1

talus (top), calcaneus (heel), navicular and cuboid, 3 cuneiforms

Question 2

cural fascia

Answer 2

surround all of the muscles of the leg

Question 3

action and nerve supply of the superficial posterior compartment of the leg

Answer 3

plantar flexes the foot, supplied by tibial nerve

Question 4

action and nerve supply of the deep posterior compartment of the leg

Answer 4

plantar flexes foot and toes, inverts foot, supplied by the tibial nerve

Question 5

action and nerve supply of the lateral compartment of the leg

Answer 5

everts foot, supplied by the superficial peroneal nerve

Question 6

action and nerve supply of the anterior compartment of the leg

Answer 6

dorsiflexes foot and toes, inverts foot, supplied by deep peroneal nerve

Question 7

compartment syndrome

Answer 7

pressure builds up in leg compartment, compresses nerve than artery leading to avascular necrosis, biggest problem in anterior compartment

Question 8

gastrocnemeus

Answer 8

originates on the chondyles of the femur, cross the knee joint posteriorly, plantar flexes the foot, supplied by tibial division of the sciatic nerve

Question 9

soleus

Answer 9

deep to the gastrocnemeus, originates on soleal line of the tibia, supplied by tibial division of the sciatic nerve

Question 10

plantaris

Answer 10

small muscle of the knee, long tendon, no real function, used for harvesting in surgery

Question 11

calcaneal tendon reflex

Answer 11

tests S1 and S2 nerves

Question 12

sural nerve

Answer 12

a branch is provided by the tibial nerve and common peroneal nerve and provides sensation to leg where small saphenous vein runs

Question 13

flexor digitorum longus

Answer 13

flexes the four small toes, supplied by tibial nerve

Question 14

flexor hallucis longus

Answer 14

flexes the big toe, supplied by tibial nerve

Question 15

tibialis posterior

Answer 15

pulls the foot into plantar flexion, supplied by tibial nerve

Question 16

Knot of Henry

Answer 16

Where the flexor digitorum longus crosses the flexor hallucis longus

Question 17

Tom Dick AN Harry

Answer 17

structures that cross behind medial mallelous, tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, poterior tibial artery, tibial nerve, flexor hallucis longus

Question 18

flexor retinaculum

Answer 18

keeps structures in place that travel through the tarpal tunnel to the foot

Question 19

peroneus longus

Answer 19

goes under the foot and attaches to the medial cuneiform bone of the foot, evert the foot, supplied by superficial peroneal nerve

Question 20

peroneus brevis

Answer 20

attaches to the tuberostiy of the 5th metatarsal, everts the foot, supplied by superficial peroneal nerve

Question 21

tibialis anterior

Answer 21

helps to extend of dorisflex the foot, supplied by deep peroneal nerve

Question 22

extensor digitorum longus

Answer 22

extends big toe, supplied by deep peroneal nerve

Question 23

extensor hallicus longus

Answer 23

extends four small toes, supplied by deep peroneal nerve

Question 24

extensor retinaculum

Answer 24

keeps the extensor muscles in place

Question 25

drop foot

Answer 25

damage to the deep peroneal nerve

Question 26

subtalar joint of the foot

Answer 26

between talus and calcaneus, allows inversion and eversion

Question 27

sustentaculum tali

Answer 27

calcaneus shifted toward lateral side of the foot, this shelf of bone holds up the rest of the foot

Question 28

transverse tarsal joint

Answer 28

allows for rotation of the midfoot, can add to inversion and eversion

Question 29

plantar ligaments

Answer 29

maintain the arch of the foot by pulling forefoot toward hind foot

Question 30

high ankle sprain

Answer 30

damage the tibiofibular ligaments

Question 31

deltoid ligament

Answer 31

resists eversion of the foot, tibia to calcalenus, tibia to navicular, tibia to talus, damages with severe eversion

Question 32

low ankle sprain

Answer 32

pulling of the lateral ligaments of the foot, most common is the anterior talofibular ligament

Question 33

trimalleolar fracture

Answer 33

begins when foot is everted, deltoid ligament breaks, talus moves laterally and fractures lateral malelous, tibia moves forward and can fracture

Question 34

plantar aponeurosis

Answer 34

most superficial muscle of the foot

Question 35

blood supply for the plantar surface of the foot

Answer 35

posterior tibial artery, branches to lateral and medial plantar arter

Question 36

blood supply for the dorsal surface of the foot

Answer 36

anterior tibial artery, branches to the dorsalis pedis artery