Gluteal Flashcards
sacrospinous ligament
from sacrum to ischeal spine
scrotuberous ligament
from sacrum/PSIS to ischeal tuberosity
greater sciatic foramen
allows structures to pass for anterior to gluteal region
less sciatic foramen
allows structures to pass from gluteal region to anterior
superficial gluteal muscles
gluteus maximus, minimus, medius and tensor fascia lata
deep gluteal muscles
obturator internus, piriformis, superior and inferior gemeli, quadratus femoris (short lateral rotators)
hamstring muscles
semimembranosus, semitendinosus, biceps femoris
gluteus maximus
pulls femur back towards a position of extension, main extender of the thigh when you need a lot of force, supplied by inferior gluteal nerve
cluneal nerves
provides sensation to the skin over the buttocks
gluteus medius
fibers originate between posterior and anterior line on the ilium and insert on the greater trocanter of the femur, abductor and medial rotator (anterior fibers rotate) - supplied by superior gluteal nerve
gluteus minimus
fibers originate between anterior and inferior lines of the ilium and inserts on the greater trocanter, abductor and medial rotator (anterior fibers rotate) - supplied by superior gluteal nerve
trendelenburg test
gluteus minimus and medius pull down when walking to prevent foot from dragging on surface (stabilize pelvis on supported side - abnormal doesnt pull down on femur - can hold a cane on the unaffected side
tensor fascia lata
connects iliotibial tract to ilium, help to medially rotate the femur, supplied by superior gluteal nerve
piriformis
originates inside pelvis on lateral part of the sacrum, nerves are named based around it
superior gluteal nerve
innervates above piriformus, innervates gluteus medius and minimus and tensor fascia lata
inferior gluteal nerve
comes from below the piriformis and supplies the gluteus maximus
superior and inferior gemelli
connect pelvis to upper femur, pivots femur along long axis for lateral rotation
obterator internus
originates on the inside of the pelvis, passes below ischeal spine and inserts on the trochateric fossa, pivots femor aroud long axis, lateral rotation
quadratus femoris
originates at ischeal tuberosity and inserts on trocanteric fossa, lateral rotator
obterator externus
starts on the outside of the obterator foramen and inserts at the neck of the femur, for lateral rotation, supplied by obterator nerve
piriformis syndrome
sciatic nerve going through or around periformis muscle, causes a lot of pain
muscles for flexion of the hip
psoas major and iliacus (rectus femoris, sartorius, tensor fascia lata)
muscles for extension of the hip
gluteus maximus, semimembranosus and tendinosus, long head of biceps femoris
muscles of abduction of the hip
gluteus medius and minimus (tensor fascia lata, sartorius, piriformis (when thigh flexed))
muscles of adduction of the hip
adductor longus, brevis, magnus (pectineus and gracilis)
muscles for medial rotation of the hip
tensor fasica lata, anterior fibers of gluteus medius and minimus
muscles for lateral rotations of the hip
obturator externus, internus, gemelli, quadratus femoris, piriformis (gluteus maximus and sartorius)
biceps femoris
originates from ischeal tuberosity and inserts in fibula, flexes the leg at the knee and extends the thigh at the hip (short head supplied by common peroneal and long head supplied by tibial sciatic nerve
semiteninosus and semi membranosus
originates in the ischial tuberosity and inserts in the tibia, flexes the leg at the knee and extend the thigh at the hip, supplied by the tibial division of the sciatic nerve
lumbar lordosis
weak hamstrings make pelvis shift downwards and result in a change in posture
pes anserinus
“goose foot” common insertion site of sartorius, gracilus and semitendinosus
sciatic nerves splits into…
tibial nerve and common peroneal (fibular) nerver
tibial nerve supplies…
posterior compartments of thigh and leg and plantar surface of foot
common peroneal nerve supplies…
anterior and lateral compartments of the legs
