Lectures 29-30 Flashcards
Five superficial bony landmarks of the neck
- mastoid process
- clavicles
- acromion
- mental protuberance
- spine of scapula
Superficial neck muscles (3)
- trapezius (CN XI)
- sternocleidomastoid (mastoid process to process –> prox. clavicle and sternal manubrium; CN XI)
- platysma (muscle of facial expression; CN VII)
External jugular vein begins on side of face, and comes from which two venous contributions?
- retromandibular vein
- posterior auricular vein
External jugular continues across (and outside of) sternocleidomastoid and terminates in the…
subclavian vein
Four sensory branches of cervical plexus (VENTRAL primary rami)
- lesser occipital nerve: anterior primary ramus of C2
- great auricular nerve: anterior primary rami of C2 and C3
- transverse cervical nerve: anterior primary rami of C2 and C3
- supraclavicular nerve: anterior primary rami of C3 and C4
Lesser occipital nerve: anterior primary ramus of C2…
gives sensation to lower neck and head
Great auricular nerve: anterior primary rami of C2 and C3…
gives sensation to posterior ear and skin over parotid gland
Transverse cervical nerve: anterior primary rami of C2 and C3…
gives sensation to anterior/lateral neck
Supraclavicular nerve: anterior primary rami of C3 and C4…
gives sensation to skin over clavicle
Cervical lymph nodes (3 areas)
- supramandibular/suboccipital nodes
- deep cervical nodes
- anterior cervical nodes
Posterior cervical triangle boundaries
- sternocleidomastoid
- upper trapezius
- clavicle
- deep cervical investing fascia
Posterior cervical triangle contents: muscles (4)
- scalenes (anterior/middle/posterior)
- levator scapulae
- splenius capitis
- omohyoid, inferior belly
What is the significance of the inferior belly of omohyoid muscle?
divides the posterior cervical triangle into occipital and subclavian triangles
What two triangles are formed WITHIN the posterior cervical triangle?
- subclavian triangle
- occipital triangle
Posterior cervical triangle contents: nerves (6)
- lesser occipital nerve
- great auricular nerve
- transverse cervical nerve
- supraclavicular nerves
- spinal accessory nerve (CN XI)
- 5 rami & 3 trunks of brachial plexus
Erb’s point
where 4 nerves emerge:
- lesser occipital nerve
- great auricular nerve
- transverse cervical nerve
- supraclavicular nerves
Posterior cervical triangle contents: blood vessels
- subclavian vein
- subclavian artery
Anterior cervical triangle boundaries
- sternocleidomastoid
- mandible
- midline of anterior neck
- deep cervical investing fascial (roof)
Anterior cervical triangle contents: muscles
- platysma
- digastric (ant: V3; post: CN VII)
- stylohyoid (CN VII)
- suprahyoid muscles
- infrahyoid muscles
Suprahyoid muscles (2)
- mylohyoid (V3)
- geniohyoid (C1 via hypoglossal nerve)
Infrahyoid muscles/ “strap muscles” (4)
- superior belly of omohyoid
- sternohyoid
- sternothyroid
- thyrohyoid
What is the significance of the digastric and the superior bellow of omohyoid?
divide the anterior cervical triangle into 4 triangles
- muscular
- carotid
- submandibular
- submental
What are the infrahyoid muscles innervated by?
- mostly motor branches from ansa cervicalis (C1-C3)
- exception: thyrohyoid is innervated by C1 over hypoglossal nerve
Anterior cervical triangle contents: visceral structures
- larynx and its various cartilages and muscles
- thyroid gland
- parathyroid gland
- cervical portion of trachea
Parathyroid gland secretes…
hormones to bring up calcium levels in the blood
Anterior cervical triangle: submandibular triangle borders (and contents)
- anterior/posterior bellies of digastric
- stylohyoid
- body of mandible
- (submandibular glands)
- (facial artery)
Anterior cervical triangle: submental triangle borders (and contents)
- anterior belly of digastric
- hyoid body: line drawn down middle to make right/left triangles
Anterior cervical triangle: carotid triangle borders (and contents)
- sternocleidomastoid
- stylohyoid
- belly of digastric
- superior belly of omohyoid
- (omohyoid)
Anterior cervical triangle: muscular triangle borders (and contents)
- superior belly of omohyoid
- sternocleidomastoid
- imaginary line down median aspect of neck
- (infrahyoid muscles)
Two salivary glands and their drainage structures
- parotid gland via parotid ducts (Stenson)
- submandibular gland via submandibular duct
Location of submandibular gland
IN the submandibular triangle
Location of parotid gland
PARTIALLY in carotid and submandibular triangles, and overlies lateral side of mandible
Contents of carotid sheath
- common carotid artery (medial position)
- internal jugular vein (lateral position)
- vagus nerve (posterior position)
What two branches form the common carotid artery?
- brachiocephalic artery (on RIGHT)
- aortic arch (on LEFT)
Internal jugular vein
- drains contents of cranial cavity
- terminates (w/ subclavian vein) to form brachiocephalic vein on both sides
Anterior jugular veins
- forms several small veins around chin
- descend in muscular triangle
- turn posteriorly and terminate in external jugular vein
Ascending, which two arteries branch off of the common carotid artery?
- internal carotid artery
- external carotid artery
Where does the common carotid artery branch into internal/external carotid arteries?
superior level of thyroid cartilage (at about C4)
Internal carotid artery supplies…
anterior circulation to the brain
External carotid artery path
up side of skull (not in it) –> runs deep to mandible
External carotid artery, through its branches, supply…
- thyroid gland
- tongue
- side of face and head
External carotid artery: anterior aspect branches
- superior thyroid artery (thyroid gland)
- lingual artery (tongue)
- facial artery (external face)
External carotid artery: posterior aspect branches
- occipital artery (back of head)
- posterior auricular artery (behind the ear)
External carotid artery: medial aspect branch
ascending pharyngeal artery (pharyngeal wall)
- note: 1st branch of external carotid artery
External carotid artery: terminal aspect branches
- superficial temporal artery (terminal branch; temporal area)
- maxillary artery (terminal branch; gives rise to only branch that enters skull - middle meningeal artery - via infra temporal fossa)
