Lecture 32 Flashcards
Body of hyoid bone
at the union of neck and jaw
Thyrohyoid membrane
between the hyoid bone and thyroid cartilage
Thyroid cartilage
typically larger in adult males
Cricothyroid ligament
between the cricoid cartilage and thyroid cartilage
Cricoid cartilage
below the thyroid cartilage and palpated easily when swallowing
Cricotracheal ligament
between the cricoid cartilage and 1st tracheal ring
Thyroid gland
isthmus and lobes cross the 2nd, 3rd, & 4th tracheal rings
Suprasternal (jugular) notch
depression on the upper border of the sternal manubrium
Three UNPAIRED larynx cartilages
- thyroid
- cricoid
- epiglottis
Parts of thyroid cartilage
- hyaline cartilage
- lamina
- laryngeal prominence
- oblique line (thyrohyoid and sternothyroid attach here)
- superior/inferior horns
Which larynx cartilage is the largest?
thyroid cartilage
Which larynx cartilage is shaped like a signet ring?
cricoid cartilage
Parts of the cricoid cartilage
- hyaline cartilage
- crus
- critothyroid joint
- Lamina (expand beyond portion of ring)
What does the cricothyroid joint do, and what type of joint is it?
- changes pitch of voice
- pivot joint
Which larynx cartilage is shaped like a leaf?
epiglottis
Where is the epiglottis located?
behind and below the tongue
What is the epiglottis composed of, and what does it do?
- fibroelastic cartilage
- when swallowing, covers entrance to larynx (superior laryngeal inlet) anteriorly
Attachments of the epiglottis (5)
- aryepiglottic folds
- median and lateral glossoepiglottic folds
- lateral epiglottic folds
- hypoepiglottic ligament
- thyroepiglottic ligament
Hypoepiglottic ligament
- attaches epiglottis to hyoid bone
- when swallowing, lifts hyoid, causing epiglottis to descend and cover glottis
Thyroepiglottic ligament
attaches epiglottis to thyroid cartilage
Three PAIRED larynx cartilages
- arytenoid
- corniculate
- cuneiform
Arytenoid cartilage
- back of larynx
- shaped like a pyramid, kinda
- attaches with vocal ligament to vocal process
- attaches with muscles to muscular process
Corniculate cartilage
articulates with the apices of the arytenoids
Cuneiform cartilage
- found within aryepiglottic folds
- right cuneiform cartilage is uncovered
- left cuneiform cartilage covered by laryngeal mucosa
Larynx cavity
from superior laryngeal inlet to the lower border of the cricoid cartilage
What makes up the superior laryngeal inlet?
- laryngeal folds
- arytenoid cartilages
Larynx cavity: internal structures
- vestibular (false) folds (immobile)
- vocal (true) folds (mobile)
Vestibular (false) folds
- upper portion of larynx
- immobile
- opening between folds is called rima vestibuli
Vocal (true) folds
- below vestibular (false) folds
- mobile
- contain vocal ligaments
- opening between folds is called rima glottidis
Rima vestibuli
opening between vestibular (false) folds
Rima glottidis
opening between vocal (true) folds
Glottis
the combination of the true vocal folds and the open space between them
Three parts of larynx
- Vestibule (most superior)
- middle larynx
- lower larynx (most inferior)
Larynx - intrinsic muscles: laryngeal inlet control
- oblique arytenoid (narrows inlet)
- aryepiglottic muscle (narrows inlet)
- thyroepiglottic muscle (widens inlet)
Larynx - intrinsic muscles: vocal fold movement control
- cricothyroid (largest; tenses folds)
- thyroarytenoid (relaxes folds)
- vocalis
- lateral cricoarytenoid (adducts folds)
- posterior cricoarytenoid (aBducts folds)
- transverse arytenoid (adducts)
What does the internal laryngeal nerve supply sensation to in the larynx?
the mucous membrane above the vocal folds (superior 1/2)
What does the recurrent laryngeal nerve supply sensation to in the larynx?
the mucous membrane below the vocal folds (inferior 1/2)
What does the external laryngeal nerve give motor supply to?
cricothyroid
What does the recurrent laryngeal nerve give motor supply to?
all laryngeal intrinsic muscle, except cricothyroid
Dysphonia
- no recurrent laryngeal nerve supply
- constant high pitch
- only muscle working is cricothyroid, thus vocal cords are only being tensed
