Lectures 24-25: Part 2

Question 1

Median longitudinal fissure

Answer 1

Divides cerebral cortex into two hemispheres

Question 2

Expanded mass of the cerebral cortex

Answer 2

Responsible for “human essence of life”

Question 3

Gyri

Answer 3

Folds/elevation in cerebral cortex

Question 4

Sulci

Answer 4

Creases/depressions in cerebral cortex

Question 5

Cerebral cortex has 6 lobes:

Answer 5

• frontal
• parietal
• temporal
• occipital
• limbic
• insular

Question 6

Cerebral cortex: Frontal lobe

Answer 6

• prefrontal cortex (behavior/olfactory)
• frontal eye fields (extra ocular movements)
• premotor cortex (gross motor movement)
• supplementary motor area (motor planning)
• precentral gyrus/primary motor area (fine motor movement)
• Broca’s motor speech area (speech production)

Question 7

Cerebral cortex: Parietal lobe

Answer 7

• postcentral gyrus (primary area for gen. sensation; pain and temperature)
• general sensory association cortex (processes/associates/defines general sensory info)

Question 8

Stereognosis

Answer 8

Knowing an object by its feel

Question 9

Kinesthetic sense

Answer 9

Joint proprioception

Question 10

Disorders in this portion of the brain may result in lack of sensory integration of incoming stimuli, resulting in deficits such as…

Answer 10

(general sensory association area of parietal lobe)

• dyslexia
• dyspraxia
• motor planning problems

Question 11

Parietal lobe –> General sensory association cortex: supramarginal gyrus

Answer 11

• sensory feedback to guide motor tasks
• texture feedback
• tactile learning and memory
• disorders –> dyspraxia (ideational/ideamotor)

Question 12

Parietal lobe –> General sensory association cortex: angular gyrus

Answer 12

• reading association

- disorders –> dyslexia or reading delay

Question 13

Cerebral cortex: Occipital lobe

Answer 13

primary visual cortex and visual association cortex

Question 14

Lesion of primary visual cortex of occipital lobe

Answer 14

Results in cortical blindness

Question 15

Lesion of association cortex of occipital lobe

Answer 15

Results in Visual Agnosia (can’t remember what you see)

Question 16

Cerebral cortex: Temporal lobe

Answer 16

• anterior transverse temporal gyri (primary receiving area for hearing)
• speech association/Wernicke’s area (language comprehension)
• primary olfactory area (primary sensory receiving area for smell)

Question 17

What connects Broca’s Area and Wernicke’s Area?

Answer 17

Arcuate Fasciculus

Question 18

Where is the only incoming sensory stimulus that does NOT travel through the thalamus from?

Answer 18

primary olfactory area of temporal lobe

Question 19

Cerebral cortex: Limbic

Answer 19

hippocampus/parahippocampus (emotional brain)

Question 20

Cerebral cortex: Insular

Answer 20

• deep within lateral fissure (“island of Riel”)
• sensory and motor visceral function
• taste and olfactory perception

Question 21

Mamillary bodies

Answer 21

• underneath hypothalamus; located at ends of Fornix

- interconnect the limbic system with olfactory system

Question 22

Gyrus cinguli

Answer 22

• above thalamus

- serves as receiving/integrating cortex for limbic system

Question 23

Corpus callosum

Answer 23

• above thalamus

- large group of commissural fibers interconnecting the two cerebral hemispheres

Question 24

Fornix

Answer 24

connects the hippocampus with the mammillary bodies

Question 25

Lateral ventricle

Answer 25

one in each cerebral hemisphere

- largest in ventricular system of brain

Question 26

Caudate nucleus of lateral ventricle

Answer 26

• forms lateral wall of lateral ventricle

- ends at Amygdala (emotional fear)

Question 27

Basal Ganglia

Answer 27

communicate with cerebral cortex to help regulate and direct voluntary movement
- comprised of caudate nucleus, globus pallidus, and substantia nigra

Question 28

Cerebral aqueduct (Sylvian)

Answer 28

small passage through midbrain connecting the 3rd and 4th ventricles