Lectures 24-25: Part 2 Flashcards
Median longitudinal fissure
Divides cerebral cortex into two hemispheres
Expanded mass of the cerebral cortex
Responsible for “human essence of life”
Gyri
Folds/elevation in cerebral cortex
Sulci
Creases/depressions in cerebral cortex
Cerebral cortex has 6 lobes:
- frontal
- parietal
- temporal
- occipital
- limbic
- insular
Cerebral cortex: Frontal lobe
- prefrontal cortex (behavior/olfactory)
- frontal eye fields (extra ocular movements)
- premotor cortex (gross motor movement)
- supplementary motor area (motor planning)
- precentral gyrus/primary motor area (fine motor movement)
- Broca’s motor speech area (speech production)
Cerebral cortex: Parietal lobe
- postcentral gyrus (primary area for gen. sensation; pain and temperature)
- general sensory association cortex (processes/associates/defines general sensory info)
Stereognosis
Knowing an object by its feel
Kinesthetic sense
Joint proprioception
Disorders in this portion of the brain may result in lack of sensory integration of incoming stimuli, resulting in deficits such as…
(general sensory association area of parietal lobe)
- dyslexia
- dyspraxia
- motor planning problems
Parietal lobe –> General sensory association cortex: supramarginal gyrus
- sensory feedback to guide motor tasks
- texture feedback
- tactile learning and memory
- disorders –> dyspraxia (ideational/ideamotor)
Parietal lobe –> General sensory association cortex: angular gyrus
- reading association
- disorders –> dyslexia or reading delay
Cerebral cortex: Occipital lobe
primary visual cortex and visual association cortex
Lesion of primary visual cortex of occipital lobe
Results in cortical blindness
Lesion of association cortex of occipital lobe
Results in Visual Agnosia (can’t remember what you see)
Cerebral cortex: Temporal lobe
- anterior transverse temporal gyri (primary receiving area for hearing)
- speech association/Wernicke’s area (language comprehension)
- primary olfactory area (primary sensory receiving area for smell)
What connects Broca’s Area and Wernicke’s Area?
Arcuate Fasciculus
Where is the only incoming sensory stimulus that does NOT travel through the thalamus from?
primary olfactory area of temporal lobe
Cerebral cortex: Limbic
hippocampus/parahippocampus (emotional brain)
Cerebral cortex: Insular
- deep within lateral fissure (“island of Riel”)
- sensory and motor visceral function
- taste and olfactory perception
Mamillary bodies
- underneath hypothalamus; located at ends of Fornix
- interconnect the limbic system with olfactory system
Gyrus cinguli
- above thalamus
- serves as receiving/integrating cortex for limbic system
Corpus callosum
- above thalamus
- large group of commissural fibers interconnecting the two cerebral hemispheres
Fornix
connects the hippocampus with the mammillary bodies
Lateral ventricle
one in each cerebral hemisphere
- largest in ventricular system of brain
Caudate nucleus of lateral ventricle
- forms lateral wall of lateral ventricle
- ends at Amygdala (emotional fear)
Basal Ganglia
communicate with cerebral cortex to help regulate and direct voluntary movement
- comprised of caudate nucleus, globus pallidus, and substantia nigra
Cerebral aqueduct (Sylvian)
small passage through midbrain connecting the 3rd and 4th ventricles
