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OT 716 - Unit III > Lectures 24-25: Part 3 > Flashcards

Lectures 24-25: Part 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Cranial Meninges (deep to superficial)

A
  • Pia mater
  • Subarachnoid space
  • Arachnoid
  • Subdural space
  • Dura mater
  • Tentorium cerebellum
  • Cerebral falx
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2
Q

Pia mater

A
  • “tender mother”

- fine layer formed by the process of glial cells which tightly invest the gray matter

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3
Q

Arachnoid

A
  • “spider web”

- filmy layer which forms a loose covering over the brain and pia mater

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4
Q

Dura mater

A
  • “tough mother”
  • fibrous layer which surrounds the brain, pia mater, and subarachnoid, and in the cranium is continuous with the periosteum of the skull
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5
Q

Tentorium Cerebelli

A
  • extension of dura mater

- covers the posterior cranial fossa

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6
Q

Subarachnoid space

A

between pia mater and arachnoid and contains CSF

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7
Q

Subdural space

A

between the arachnoid and dura mater and contains the terminations of the superficial cerebral veins

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8
Q

Tentorium cerebellum

A

Perpendicular to cerebral falx

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9
Q

Cerebral falx

A
  • separates hemispheres
  • attaches rostrally to the crista galli
  • lies within the medial longitudinal fissure
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10
Q

Is there epidural space in the cranium?

A

No, it’s simply potential space there

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11
Q

From where does the CNS circulation derive?

A
  • Anterior circulation
  • Posterior circulation
  • these two form the “Circle of Willis”
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12
Q

Anterior circulation of the cranium

A
  • common carotid artery

- internal carotid artery

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13
Q

Posterior circulation of cranium

A

Vertebral arteries

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14
Q

Basilar artery (where does it come from and what does it divide into?)

A
  • emerges from two vertebral arteries

- divides into posterior cerebral arteries

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15
Q

What do the posterior cerebral arteries give off?

A

posterior communicating arteries

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16
Q

What do the posterior communicating arteries join?

A

internal carotid arteries

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17
Q

Posterior inferior cerebellar artery: what does it supply?

A
  • lower surface of the cerebellum

- lower brainstem

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18
Q

Anterior inferior cerebellar artery: what does it supply?

A
  • upper inferior surface of cerebellum

- upper brainstem

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19
Q

Superior cerebellar artery: what does it supply?

A
  • superior surface of the cerebellum

- midbrain

20
Q

Posterior cerebral artery: what does it supply?

A
  • occipital lobe

- inferior temporal lobe

21
Q

Middle cerebral artery: what does it supply?

A
  • subcortical structures
  • frontal, parietal, and temporal lobes (lateral side of brain)
  • runs through lateral fissure
  • most strokes occur at this artery
22
Q

Anterior cerebral artery: what does it supply?

A
  • frontal and parietal lobes (medial cerebral cortex)

- runs in medial longitudinal fissure

23
Q

Blood is returned from the cranial cavity and brain via the…

A

dural venous sinuses

24
Q

The dural venous sinuses receive blood from the…

A

superficial cerebral veins

25
Q

The venous sinuses converge in the _________ region to eventually drain bilaterally into the _____________

A

occipital; internal jugular vein

26
Q

Superior Cerebral Veins

A

pierces arachnoid and attaches to superior sagittal sinus in subdural space

27
Q

Subdural Hematoma

A
  • slow venous bleed (superficial cerebral veins)

- in babies, it’s caused by head trauma/abuse

28
Q

Superior sagittal sinus

A
  • lies within the cerebral flax superiorly

- found where 2 hemispheres come together

29
Q

Inferior sagittal sinus

A

lies within the inferior edge of the cerebral falx

30
Q

Great cerebral vein of Galen

A
  • drains the diencephalic area
  • joins inferior sagittal sinus to form straight sinus
  • joins superior sagittal sinus and occipital protuberance
31
Q

Occipital sinus

A

drains the cerebellum and brainstem

32
Q

Confluence of sinuses

A

where all the veins run together

33
Q

Transverse sinus

A
  • lies within the groove for the transverse sinus

- carries blood from the convergence of sinuses on the occipital region toward the exit

34
Q

Sigmoid sinus

A
  • lies within the groove for the sigmoid sinus

- continuation of the transverse sinus toward the jugular foramen exit from the skull

35
Q

Cavernous sinus

A

venous “pool” lying on either side of the body of the sphenoid

36
Q

From what veins does the cavernous sinus receive drainage?

A

inferior and superior opthalmic veins

37
Q

Into what does the cavernous sinus drain?

A
  • pterygoid plexus of veins

- greater/lesser petrosal sinuses

38
Q

Where is cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) produced?

A
  • two lateral ventricles
  • 3rd ventricle
  • 4th ventricle
39
Q

Where is the 3rd ventricle found?

A

between the two lobes of the thalamus

40
Q

How much CSF is present at any one moment in the average adult?

A

150-200 ml

41
Q

Within the ventricles, WHAT produces the CSF?

A

The choroid plexus (1200ml/24 hours), which consists of capillaries covered by ependymal cells

42
Q

What is the path of the CSF?

A

produced in lateral ventricles –> 3rd ventricle (via inter ventricular foramina) –> cerebral/Sylvius aqueduct –> 4th ventricle –> subarachnoid space

43
Q

How does the CSF get from 4th ventricle to subarachnoid space ?

A
  • foramen of Magendie

- 2 foramina of Luschka

44
Q

Where does the CSF eventually return to the blood vascular system?

A

superior sagittal sinus

45
Q

What is Arachnoid Villi (Arachnoid Granulations)?

A
  • small extensions of the subarachnoid space that protrude into the superior sagittal sinus
  • CSF is absorbed into the venous circulation across the thin walls of the arachnoid villi

OT 716 - Unit III (26 decks)

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