Lectures 15 and 16 Flashcards
attachement
strong affectionate tie we have for special people in our lives
Bonding
psychological and emotional link between a mother and child at birth (PEL MC)
Bowlby’s ecological theory of attachment stage 1
pre-attachment (birth-6 months)
Bowlby’s ecological theory of attachment stage 2
attachment in the making (6 weeks-6 months)
Bowlby’s ecological theory of attachment stage 3
clear cut attachment (8 months-2 years) - separation anxiety
Bowlby’s ecological theory of attachment stage 4
formation of reciprocal relationship (18 months- 2 years and on)
secure attachment
Use the parents as a secure base; actively seek contact with the parent when he or she returns (65%)
Avoidant attachment
Seem unresponsive to the parent and are slow to greet the parent upon reunion (20%)
Resistant attachment
Seek closeness to the parent and are distressed and angry when the parent returns (10%)
Disorganized/Disoriented attachment
Pattern reflects the greatest insecurity. At reunion, these infants often show confused, contradictory behaviors. (5-10%)
factors that affect attachment security
Opportunity for attachment
-Quality of caregiving
-Infant characteristics
-Family circumstances
-Parents’ internal working models
OQIFP
Factors that affect attachment of children in childcare
-Initial Attachment Quality
-Family Circumstances
-Quality of Child Care
-Extent of Child Care
-Comprehensive programs
IFQEC
what percent of children in North America grow up with at least one sibling?
80%
Secure attachment during infancy….
does not ensure healthy life outcomes, but sets the
parent-child relationship on a “positive path.”
healthy attachment is evident through
affection and security (AS)
positive outcomes of infant attachment last through
childhood and adolescence
continuity of caregiving determines
secure attachment
Disorganized/disoriented (inconsistent) attachment is evident in
internalizing and externalizing problems (IEP)
self world differentiation
driven by movement and control of the body (MCB)
self recognition
the ability to identify themselves as a physically unique being
influences on self awareness
-Acting on the immediate surroundings, exploring space and objects
-An intimate, supportive, and positive relationship with parents and caregivers.
-Appropriate and culturally sensitive child rearing goals
self awareness leads to the understanding of, and
empathy for others
from ages 12-18 months, children are
willingly compliant to the wishes and directions of adults and caregivers
fro 18-24 months,
toddlers will assert themselves and show a strong desire for autonomy.
at 3 years,
Children begin to demonstrate an ability for delayed gratification, with positive, supportive adult guidance.
During the third, fourth and fifth
year of life…
children will gain approximately 2-3 inches in height
and 5 pounds of weight
Between ages 2 and 6 years, children will
develop
45 new epiphyses
epiphyses
growth centers where cartilage hardens into bone
from 2-6 years…
the brain increases from 70% of it’s adult weight to 90%
synaptic pruning occurs during
the preschool years
handedness
reflects the greater capacity of one side of
the brain.
reticular formation
maintains alertness and consciousness
MAC
corpus callosum connects
the two hemispheres of the brain.
corpus callosum function
Integration of perception, thinking, attention, memory, language and problem-solving. (PTAMLP)
The lower position of any part of the human indicates
a “lower level” function and a drive for survival.
The higher positions of any part of the human brain indicate
a high level of thinking, reasoning and problem solving. (TRP)
pituitary gland
located at the base of the brain releases two growth hormones
growth hormone (GH)
released from birth and effects all parts of the body, except the CNS and the genitals
Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
prompts the thyroid gland in the neck to release thyroxine that is necessary for brain development and for GH to
impact overall growth.
toddlers need how many hours of sleep?
12
preschoolers need how many hours of sleep?
10
The mortality rate for children under 15 years, in
developing nations is
15 times greater than in
industrialized nations
leading causes of death (1-4 years)
- Accidents (unintentional injuries)
- Congenital malformations, deformations and chromosomal
abnormalities - Assault (Homicide
leading causes of death (5-14 years)
- Accidents (unintentional injuries)
- Cancer
- Intentional self-harm (suicide)
methods of preventing child injury
- Adult Supervision
- Risk Identification
- Design/Engineering
- Regulation/
Enforcement - Child Education
ARDRC
