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Child Development > Child Development Lectures 7 and 8 > Flashcards

Child Development Lectures 7 and 8 Flashcards

1
Q

Stage 1a of childbirth

A

dilation and effacement of cervix

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2
Q

stage 1b of childbirth

A

transition

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3
Q

stage 2a of childbirth

A

pushing

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4
Q

stage 2b of childbirth

A

birth

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5
Q

stage 3 of childbirth

A

birth of placenta

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6
Q

APGAR stands for

A

Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity, Respiration

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7
Q

Anoxia

A

lack of oxygen

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8
Q

What period of the three (zygote, embryonic, and fetal) do most major structural abnormalities occur?

A

embryonic

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9
Q

Which term is defined as, “How well a study can be repeated in the same or different forms and have similar results or findings?”

A

Reliability

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10
Q

During the last 50 years birth rates have been…

A

decreasing

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11
Q

Period of the zygote is best described as…

A

cell division and implantation

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12
Q

Leboyer birth

A

low lighting, slow and deliberate movement by staff, and quiet

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13
Q

How long is the zygotic period?

A

7-14 days

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14
Q

Tobacco is most commonly associated with..

A

low birth weight

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15
Q

immersion in water during the first stage of labor may be associated with..

A

shorter labor and greater likelihood of medication free delivery

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16
Q

When did natural childbirth emerge?

A

1960s

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17
Q

percent of all deliveries by cesarean

A

31.9%

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18
Q

oxygen deprivation at birth tends to lead to..

A

brain damage or later cognitive or language problems

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19
Q

Infants born at 35 weeks show substantially reduced rates of illness and lengthy hospital stays compared to those born at

A

34 weeks

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20
Q

Macrosmia

A

babies that are born larger than 8 pounds 13 ounces

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21
Q

average weight of newborn child

A

7 pounds 5 ounces

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22
Q

why does macrosmia occur?

A

sustained high glucose levels during pregnancy

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23
Q

Interventions for preterm infants (7)

A

Parent training in caregiving, NICU, respirator, feeding tube, intravenous medication, special infant stimulation, kangaroo or skin-to-skin contact

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24
Q

Approaches to childbirth

A

natural childbirth, birthing classes, relaxing and breathing techniques, labor coach (NC,BC,RBT,LC)

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25
Q

Medical interventions in childbirth

A

fetal monitoring, medication, instrument delivery, induced labor (FmMiDiL)

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26
Q

Unnecessary caesarean sections can increase the risk of

A

maternal morbidity, neonatal death and neonatal admission to an intensive care unit. (MM,ND,NA)

27
Q

How much height do babies gain from birth to one year?

A

50%

28
Q

How much height do babies gain by 2 years?

A

75%

29
Q

How long do babies gain baby fat for?

A

9 months

30
Q

Cephalocaudal growth trend

A

“Head to tail”, head grows faster than lower part of the body

31
Q

Proximodistal growth

A

“near to far”, extremities grow later than head, chest, and trunk

32
Q

Cartilage cells are produced at the..

A

growth plates

33
Q

cartilages are located at the..

A

upper and lower epiphyses

34
Q

Fontanels

A

soft spaces between the plates of infants’ skulls

35
Q

Synapses

A

spaces between neurons where transmissions are sent via chemical reactions

36
Q

Myelination

A

neurons develop their myelin sheath

37
Q

Myelin sheath

A

an insulation around nerves that allows impulses to transmit quickly

38
Q

synaptic pruning

A

neurons that aren’t stimulated lose their synapses

39
Q

Frontal lobe

A

decision making, impulse control, judgement, emotion control (DM, IC, J, EC)

40
Q

Temporal lobe

A

sexuality, hearing, emotion, language, memory (SHELM)

41
Q

Parietal lobe

A

sensory perception, movement (SP, M)

42
Q

Occipital lobe

A

Primarily vision

43
Q

Cerebellum

A

coordination of voluntary movement, balance and equilibrium, and muscle tone (VM, BE, MT)

44
Q

Cerebellum location

A

under the mid brain, rests on the spinal column

45
Q

specialization of the two hemispheres

A

lateralization

46
Q

Left hemisphere of brain

A

processes information in a sequential, analytic way (SA)

47
Q

Right hemisphere of brain

A

Processes information in a holistic, integrative manner (HI)

48
Q

Early, extreme sensory deprivation results in…

A

permanent brain damage and loss of function

49
Q

Sleep need to decline from 18 to 12 hours by

A

age 2

50
Q

Night awakenings increase between the ages of

A

1.5 and 2 years and then decline

51
Q

3 Cs

A

Culture, Context, Community

52
Q

Influences on early growth

A

Hereditary, emotional well being, nutrition (HEN)

53
Q

There is a relationship between rapid weight gain in infancy and

A

later obesity

54
Q

The more information the cerebellum processes,

A

the more efficient it will become

55
Q

Marasmus

A

low essential nutrients

56
Q

Kwashiorkor

A

low protein

57
Q

Food insecurity

A

lack of access to food

58
Q

Iron-deficiency anemia

A

blood lacks healthy red blood cells

59
Q

children who are 1,501-2,500 grams at birth… (3.4-5.5 lbs)

A

about 8% have major disabilities and about 11% have minor disabilities

60
Q

children who are 1,001-1,500 grams… (2.2-3.3 lb)

A

about 14% have major disabilities and 23% have minor disabilities

61
Q

children less than 1,001 grams… (2.2 lbs)

A

25% have major disabilities and 25% have minor disabilities

62
Q

Causes of anoxia

A

Squeezing by umbilical cord, placenta abruptio, placenta previa, failing to breathe after birth, respiratory distress syndrome in preterm infants

63
Q

preterm infants

A

born weeks before due date, may be appropriate weight for length of pregnancy

64
Q

small for date infants

A

may be born at due date or preterm, below expected weight, might have weakened abilities to manage stress

Child Development (13 decks)

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