Child Development Lectures 5 and 6

Question 1

Maternal age factors in conception

Answer 1

as women get older, chances of chromosomal abnormalities increase

Question 2

Factors that compromise socioeconomic status and family functioning

Answer 2

education level of family members, prestige and skill associated with profession, family income (ELF, FI, PS)

Question 3

Heritability genetics

Answer 3

investigates the contribution of nature and nurture to the diversity in human traits and abilities

Question 4

Heritability estimate

Answer 4

explores whether differences in traits in a population are due to genetics

Question 5

Kinship studies

Answer 5

studies family members to get a better understanding of genetics

Question 6

Niche Picking

Answer 6

when children have a consistent choice pattern that complements their heredity

Question 7

Genetic–environmental correlation is viewed as..

Answer 7

driven by genetics

Question 8

Epigensis

Answer 8

interplay or bi-directional exchanges between heredity and all levels of the environment.

Question 9

Concordance

Answer 9

consistency

Question 10

Active correlations

Answer 10

association between genetics and the environment that a child picks

Question 11

Passive correlations

Answer 11

occurs when children passively inherit the genes and the environments their family provides

Question 12

Evocative correlations

Answer 12

The association between an individual’s genetically influenced behavior and others’ reactions to that behavior.

Question 13

When is the right time to start a family?

Answer 13

best time to conceive is 24-26

Question 14

male reproductivity begins to decline at what age?

Answer 14

30

Question 15

how does the zygote implant?

Answer 15

moves down fallopian tube, duplicates slowly at first and then more rapidly

Question 16

Blastocyst

Answer 16

Ball of cells that forms 5-6 days into pregnancy

Question 17

process of Implantation for blastocyst

Answer 17

At the end of the first week, the blastocyst begins to implant in the uterine lining

Question 18

Age of viability

Answer 18

26+ weeks

Question 19

how long is the period of dividing zygote and implantation?

Answer 19

1-2 weeks

Question 20

The embryonic period is

Answer 20

weeks 3-8

Question 21

The fetal period is

Answer 21

weeks 9-birth

Question 22

teratogen

Answer 22

any environmental agent that causes
damage during the prenatal period.

Question 23

The impact or effects of teratogens depend on

Answer 23

Dose, hereditary, age, and other negative factors (DHA)

Question 24

examples of teratogens

Answer 24

drugs, tobacco, alcohol, radiation, environmental pollution, disease

Question 25

other maternal factors

Answer 25

exercise, nutrition, stress, blood incompatibility, maternal age and previous births (ENSBiNaPb)

Question 26

How do stress hormones affect pregnancy?

Answer 26

cross the placenta, causing a dramatic rise in fetal heart rate and activity

Question 27

how does maternal emotional stress effect pregnancy?

Answer 27

Predicts negative emotions in children

Question 28

Stress related prenatal complications can be greatly reduced when

Answer 28

mothers receive support from family members and friends.

Question 29

most frequent complication from advanced maternal age

Answer 29

low birth weight

Question 30

3 layers of cells in the embryo

Answer 30

ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm

Question 31

Collectivist societies

Answer 31

collectivism tied to family and ethnicity values

Question 32

Individualistic societies

Answer 32

people view themselves as “standing alone” and largely concerned with personal needs

Question 33

range of reaction

Answer 33

our genes set the boundaries within which we can operate, and our environment interacts with the genes to determine where in that range we will fall.

Question 34

Canalization

Answer 34

the tendency for development of a specific genotype to follow the same path under different conditions