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Child Development > Final exam > Flashcards

Final exam Flashcards

1
Q

Inductive Discipline

A

An adult helps make the child aware of feelings by pointing out the effects of the child’s misbehavior on others

AOF

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2
Q

Egocentrism

A

Failure to distinguish the symbolic viewpoints of others from one’s own.

FDSV

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3
Q

Private Speech

A

Children’s self directed speech

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4
Q

Animistic Thinking

A

The belief that inanimate objects have lifelike qualities, such as thoughts, wishes, feelings, and intentions

TWFI

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5
Q

Associative play

A

A form of true social interaction in which children engage in separate activities but exchange toys and comment on one another’s behavior.

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6
Q

Cooperative play

A

A form of social interaction in which children orient toward a common goal, such as acting out a make-believe theme

SICG

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7
Q

Make-believe play

A

A type of play in which children act out everyday and imaginary activities

AOEIA

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8
Q

Preschoolers appetites _________ because their growth has ________

A

decline, slowed

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9
Q

Preschoolers are _______of new foods

A

Wary

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10
Q

By 5 months of age, body weight has _______

A

Doubled

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11
Q

By 1 year, body weight has _________

A

trippled

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12
Q

By the end of the first year an infant’s height is ____ greater than it was at birth

A

50%

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13
Q

By 2 years, an infant’s height is ____ greater than it was at birth

A

75%

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14
Q

Cephalocaudal growth trend

A

lower part of the body grows later than the head

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15
Q

Proximodistal growth trend

A

Extremeties grow later than head, chest, and trunk

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16
Q

Prereaching

A

reaching with no “target, “ no eye focus or intent

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17
Q

Ulnar Grasp

A

the reflexive grasp that newborn children
demonstrate

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18
Q

Pincer Grasp

A

using the first two fingers and the opposing
thumb to pick up objects

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19
Q

Palmar Grasp

A

demonstrated much later in toddlerhood, where a crayon or pencil is grasped in the palm of the hand

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20
Q

Secure attachment

A

Use the parents as a secure base; actively seek contact with the parent when he or she returns (65%)

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21
Q

Avoidant Attachment (20%)

A

Seem unresponsive to the parent and are slow to greet the parent upon reunion

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22
Q

Resistant Attachment (10%)

A

Seek closeness to the parent and are distressed and angry when the parent returns

23
Q

Disorganized/Disoriented Attachment (5-10%)

A

Pattern reflects the greatest insecurity. At reunion, these infants often show confused, contradictory behaviors

CCB

24
Q

Basic emotions

A

happiness, sadness, fear, anger

25
Q

self-conscious emotions

A

Shame, embarrassment, guilt, envy, pride

SEGEP

26
Q

Stranger anxiety

A

Infants and toddlers are fearful of strangers, but it depends on temperament, past experiences with strangers, and the current situation.

27
Q

babbling

A

Repetition of consonant–vowel combinations in long strings, beginning around 6 months of age

RCVCLS

28
Q

Cardinal counting

A

counting numbers that start from 1 and go on sequentially and are not fractions

29
Q

ordinality

A

order relationships between quantities (3 is more than 2, and 2 is more than 1)

ORBQ

30
Q

cardinality

A

the last number in a counting sequence indicates the quantity of items in the set

31
Q

Emergent literacy

A

Children’s active efforts to construct literacy knowledge through informal experiences

AECLKIE

32
Q

Code of ethics

A

don’t jeopardize the well being of children, no implications on health and well being, every child/family has the right to privacy and confidentiality, and report results accurately

33
Q

First stage of sensorimotor

A

Reflexive schemes (B-1 month)

34
Q

second stage of sensorimotor

A

primary circular reactions (1-4 months)

35
Q

third stage of sensorimotor

A

secondary circular reactions (4-8 months)

36
Q

fourth stage of sensorimotor

A

Coordination of secondary circular movements (8-12 months)

37
Q

fifth stage of sensorimotor

A

Tertiary circular reactions (12-18 months)

38
Q

sixth stage of sensorimotor

A

Mental representations (18 months - 2 years)

39
Q

Noam Chomsky’s LAD

A

A system that contains a set of rules common to all languages.

40
Q

Authoritative parenting

A

involves high acceptance and involvement, adaptive control techniques, and appropriate autonomy granting

HAI, ACT, AAG

41
Q

Authoritarian parenting (think N for negative)

A

low in acceptance and involvement, high in coercive control, and low in autonomy granting

LAI
HCC
HAG

42
Q

Permissive parenting

A

is warm and accepting but uninvolved

WAU

43
Q

Uninvolved parenting

A

combines low acceptance and involvement with little control and general indifference to issues of autonomy

LAI
LC
GIA

44
Q

Over regularization in language

A

overextending the rules to words that are exceptions

45
Q

underextension

A

apply words too narrowly

46
Q

overextension

A

apply words too broadly

47
Q

letter reversals can be common until what age?

A

7

48
Q

what is mirror writing (letter reversal) due to?

A

poor working memory as well as weaknesses in visual processing skills

48
Q

what letters/numbers do children typically reverse?

A

b, d, q, p, 9, 5, and 7

49
Q

accommodation

A

Adjusting old schemes and creating
new ones to better fit environment

50
Q

accommodation is most likely to occur when

A

a child encounters something brand new, changes or adjusts their schemes

51
Q

assimilation

A

using current schemes to interpret external world

52
Q

assimilation is most likely to occur when

A

a child is at play

Child Development (13 decks)

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