Final exam Flashcards
Inductive Discipline
An adult helps make the child aware of feelings by pointing out the effects of the child’s misbehavior on others
AOF
Egocentrism
Failure to distinguish the symbolic viewpoints of others from one’s own.
FDSV
Private Speech
Children’s self directed speech
Animistic Thinking
The belief that inanimate objects have lifelike qualities, such as thoughts, wishes, feelings, and intentions
TWFI
Associative play
A form of true social interaction in which children engage in separate activities but exchange toys and comment on one another’s behavior.
Cooperative play
A form of social interaction in which children orient toward a common goal, such as acting out a make-believe theme
SICG
Make-believe play
A type of play in which children act out everyday and imaginary activities
AOEIA
Preschoolers appetites _________ because their growth has ________
decline, slowed
Preschoolers are _______of new foods
Wary
By 5 months of age, body weight has _______
Doubled
By 1 year, body weight has _________
trippled
By the end of the first year an infant’s height is ____ greater than it was at birth
50%
By 2 years, an infant’s height is ____ greater than it was at birth
75%
Cephalocaudal growth trend
lower part of the body grows later than the head
Proximodistal growth trend
Extremeties grow later than head, chest, and trunk
Prereaching
reaching with no “target, “ no eye focus or intent
Ulnar Grasp
the reflexive grasp that newborn children
demonstrate
Pincer Grasp
using the first two fingers and the opposing
thumb to pick up objects
Palmar Grasp
demonstrated much later in toddlerhood, where a crayon or pencil is grasped in the palm of the hand
Secure attachment
Use the parents as a secure base; actively seek contact with the parent when he or she returns (65%)
Avoidant Attachment (20%)
Seem unresponsive to the parent and are slow to greet the parent upon reunion
Resistant Attachment (10%)
Seek closeness to the parent and are distressed and angry when the parent returns
Disorganized/Disoriented Attachment (5-10%)
Pattern reflects the greatest insecurity. At reunion, these infants often show confused, contradictory behaviors
CCB
Basic emotions
happiness, sadness, fear, anger
self-conscious emotions
Shame, embarrassment, guilt, envy, pride
SEGEP
Stranger anxiety
Infants and toddlers are fearful of strangers, but it depends on temperament, past experiences with strangers, and the current situation.
babbling
Repetition of consonant–vowel combinations in long strings, beginning around 6 months of age
RCVCLS
Cardinal counting
counting numbers that start from 1 and go on sequentially and are not fractions
ordinality
order relationships between quantities (3 is more than 2, and 2 is more than 1)
ORBQ
cardinality
the last number in a counting sequence indicates the quantity of items in the set
Emergent literacy
Children’s active efforts to construct literacy knowledge through informal experiences
AECLKIE
Code of ethics
don’t jeopardize the well being of children, no implications on health and well being, every child/family has the right to privacy and confidentiality, and report results accurately
First stage of sensorimotor
Reflexive schemes (B-1 month)
second stage of sensorimotor
primary circular reactions (1-4 months)
third stage of sensorimotor
secondary circular reactions (4-8 months)
fourth stage of sensorimotor
Coordination of secondary circular movements (8-12 months)
fifth stage of sensorimotor
Tertiary circular reactions (12-18 months)
sixth stage of sensorimotor
Mental representations (18 months - 2 years)
Noam Chomsky’s LAD
A system that contains a set of rules common to all languages.
Authoritative parenting
involves high acceptance and involvement, adaptive control techniques, and appropriate autonomy granting
HAI, ACT, AAG
Authoritarian parenting (think N for negative)
low in acceptance and involvement, high in coercive control, and low in autonomy granting
LAI
HCC
HAG
Permissive parenting
is warm and accepting but uninvolved
WAU
Uninvolved parenting
combines low acceptance and involvement with little control and general indifference to issues of autonomy
LAI
LC
GIA
Over regularization in language
overextending the rules to words that are exceptions
underextension
apply words too narrowly
overextension
apply words too broadly
letter reversals can be common until what age?
7
what is mirror writing (letter reversal) due to?
poor working memory as well as weaknesses in visual processing skills
what letters/numbers do children typically reverse?
b, d, q, p, 9, 5, and 7
accommodation
Adjusting old schemes and creating
new ones to better fit environment
accommodation is most likely to occur when
a child encounters something brand new, changes or adjusts their schemes
assimilation
using current schemes to interpret external world
assimilation is most likely to occur when
a child is at play
