Hayley final Flashcards
Typical child development has periods of
progress, latency, and regression
A theory of human development is a set of statements or frameworks that
explains and predicts behavior
Example of case study
An example of a case study would be when a researcher follows one undergraduate teacher education candidate during her first four years of study, including student teaching and subsequently follows her during the first five years as a first-grade teacher
playground survival english. or social language (same thing)
basic language ability required for face to face communication: this is called basic interpersonal communication skills
specific time and duration is not a characteristic of
free play
According to piaget, an example of functional play is when
a 3 year old child tightly holds a purple crayon in his fist as he draws heavy lines back and forth, repeatedly until the paper is concerned with lines
According to Piaget, children are engaging in sociodramatic play when
three children are in the homemaking or kitchen center of their preschool classroom. They are pretending to prepare lunch. They make sandwiches out of paper and fill a teapot with water and pretend it’s coffee. They also grab dress-up clothing to get “dressed up for lunch”
In early and middle childhood a child’s cognitive skills can be affected by:
Anoxia
Corporal punishment
most widespread form of violence against children. Punishment in which physical force is used and intended to cause some degree of pain or discomfort.
At what are are children most likely to experience corporal punishment?
4
An example of extension of children’s statements:
A kindergarten teacher wants to directly build children’s vocabularies during conversation and verbal exchanges with his/her students
Visual literacy
A young child’s ability to recognize and understand the messages communicated in visual formats, as well as personal visual messages or expressions
The risk of having a baby with down syndrome sharply rises after the age of
35
example of longitudinal study
researcher studies and interviews the same subjects repeatedly at different stages of life ages, over a number of decades
Dependent variables
factors and conditions that will change as a result of a condition that is intentionally changed by the investigator
period of the embryo is the period of human gestation when…
teratogens can cause major structural abnormalities
smoking/tobacco use during pregnancy is most often associated with..
low birth weight in newborns
anxiety, short attention span, anger, aggression, and over-activity among children is often linked to
maternal emotional stress
threshold for low birth weight in infants who have gone full term
5.5 pounds or 2500 grams
reliability
accuracy with which a study can be repeated in the same or different forms and have similar results or findings
example of a control, when referencing variables and validity
teacher posts a sign on her door letting people know that students are taking a test. She makes sure that each student has 3 sharpened pencils to avoid distraction of students getting up in the middle of the test. She also reads the directions at the beginning of the test.
according to Piaget’s theory, the sensorimotor period ends with
talking
Erik Erikson’s second “conflict” of his psychosocial
When toddler’s exert their will is autonomy vs shame
fontanels
permit the bones to overlap during childbirth
myleination
process by which neurons develop their sheath or outer coating that facilitates the transmission of messages
marasmus
low essential nutrients in the daily diet
reinforcer
increases the occurrence of a response
infants first schemes are
sensorimotor action patterns
affordances are the “action possibilities”:
opportunities for young children when they are able to move about and explore their surroundings. They can push, squeeze, taste, and grasp their objects
accommodation is most likely to occur when
a child encounters something brand new, changes or adjusts their schemes
example of disorganized/disoriented attachment
parent arrives at a childcare center to pick up their one year old and the infant appears to be confused, looking away with a flat emotional response.
example of social referencing
when the child is playing with blocks at childcare and he regularly looks at his teacher sitting nearby who smiles and nods as he continues to build.
an early childhood teacher’s top priorities are
the health, safety, and well being of the children
during the preschool years, typical children gain
20% more brain mass
corpus callosum
bundle of neural fibers that connects the two hemispheres of the brain and integrates perception, thinking, attention, memory, language, and problem-solving
Vygotsky would suggest that the development in art depends on
adult support or instruction to reach the later stages
pre symbolism
the stage of art that is most evident during the preschool years
thinking symbolically and intuitive learning happens in the
preoperational stage
dual representation
viewing a symbolic object as both an object and symbol. Usually happens around the age of 3
scaffolding children’s learning
according to Vygotsky’s theory, when adults or more sophisticated peers provide support for children as they learn
development can be described as
being coached through difficult, but obtainable goals
by age two, toddlers are approimxately
double their birth length and triple their birth weight
