lecture two Flashcards
what distinguishes plant cells from animal cells?
the presence of a cell wall, central vacuole, and chloroplasts
what is the cytoplasm?
all components of a cell inside the plasma membrane, except the nucleus
what is the cytosol?
the liquid component of the cytoplasm, surrounding the organelles
what is a protoplast?
a plant cell that has its cell walls removed via enzymatic treatment
how are new cell walls created?
formed during cytokinesis via microtubules carrying vesicles that merge into a cell plate that expands outwards until it hits the parental wall. once the cell plate fuses with the parental wall, it’s officially a cell wall
what are plasmodesmata?
tiny cytoplasmic connections between adjacent plant cells that allow for intercellular movement
what forms a symplasm?
cells sharing plasmodesmata
what is cytoplasmic streaming characterized by?
the rapid movement of organelles and other cellular components throughout the cell
scanning electron microscope
- used for visualizing surface topography, produces 3D images
- sample is usually dead
- magnifies sample 1-2 million times
transmission electron microscope
- used for visualizing anatomy with high magnifications for subcellular details, creating a 2D image
- sample is dead
- magnifies sample >50 million times
dissecting/stereo microscope
- observing surface features of a specimen
- sample can remain alive
- up to 70 times magnification
compound microscope
- uses more than one lens to create a magnified image of a specimen’s internal anatomy (sectioned)
- up to 1000 times magnification
confocal microscope
- uses laser light to scan samples that have been dyed
- allows for surface and internal anatomy observation without cutting the specimen (specimen can remain alive)
