lab 3 terms

Question 1

embryo axis

Answer 1

the part of the embryo within a seed which will develop into the plant; all parts of the embryo except the cotyledon(s)

Question 2

epicotyl (plumule)

Answer 2

the upper portion of the embryo axis; produces the shoot system

Question 3

foliage leaves

Answer 3

part of the epicotyl within a seed; the small leaves which surround SAM

Question 4

hilum

Answer 4

scar on the seed coat of some seeds (e.g. beans) that marks the former attachment point of the funiculus

Question 5

hypocotyl

Answer 5

part of the embryo axis or seedling located between the cotyledons and the radicle (not present in monocots)

Question 6

hypocotyl hook

Answer 6

a bending of the hypocotyl during emergence of a germinating bean seed; function is to pull the cotyledons and epicotyl above the soil while protecting SAM from abrasion with the soil

Question 7

radicle

Answer 7

the lower portion of the embryo axis which will develop into the primary root

Question 8

primary growth

Answer 8

growth originating from the SAM and RAM of the stems and roots; primarily increases the length of the plant

Question 9

primary meristem

Answer 9

a temporary meristem produced by SAM and RAM which will continue to divide for a short time near the growing shoot and root tips; three are produced, once for each tissue system: the protoderm, ground meristem, and the procambium

Question 10

tunica

Answer 10

the outermost layer(s) of SAM; undergoes surface growth by anticlinal cell divisions

Question 11

corpus

Answer 11

the interior layers of SAM; undergoes volume growth by cell division in all planes

Question 12

protoderm

Answer 12

a primary meristem produced by SAM and RAM; formed as the outermost single cell layer; its cells will divide rapidly for a short time and then mature into cells of the dermal tissue system

Question 13

procambium

Answer 13

a primary meristem produced by SAM and RAM; formed as strands wherever a vascular bundle or midrib will develop; its cells will divide rapidly for a short time and then mature into cells of the vascular tissue system

Question 14

ground meristem

Answer 14

a primary meristem produced by SAM and RAM; formed within the rest of the plant body besides the dermal and vascular tissue (cortex, pith, and mesophyll); its cells will divide rapidly for a short time and then mature into cells of the ground tissue system

Question 15

leaf primordium

Answer 15

youngest, tiny leaves produced by SAM and lying next to SAM

Question 16

secondary growth

Answer 16

growth originating from lateral (secondary) meristems (vascular cambium and/or cork cambium) of the stems and roots; primarily increases the width of the stem or root

Question 17

secondary (lateral) meristem

Answer 17

a thin, cylindrical layer of meristematic cells within a stem or root which divide both to the inside and outside to produce rings of secondary tissues

Question 18

secondary xylem

Answer 18

a secondary vascular tissue; xylem tissue produced by the vascular cambium; forms the wood of a stem or root in annual rings rather than discrete bundles to the inside of the vascular cambium

Question 19

secondary phloem

Answer 19

a secondary vascular tissue; phloem tissue produced by the vascular cambium; forms a ring rathe than discrete bundles to the outside of the vascular cambium

Question 20

primary xylem

Answer 20

xylem tissue produced by the procambium as part of primary growth

Question 21

primary phloem

Answer 21

phloem tissue produced by the procambium as part of primary growth

Question 22

annual (growth) ring

Answer 22

a layer of secondary xylem laid down within one growing season by a woody plant

Question 23

resin duct

Answer 23

a canal lined with secretory cells found within the mesophyll, cortex, and secondary xylem of conifers such as pine; contains resin

Question 24

vascular ray

Answer 24

a band of parenchyma cells, produced by the vascular cambium, which crosses through the secondary phloem, vascular cambium, and secondary xylem; provides lateral transport across the stem, primarily to move water from the secondary xylem to the living cells of the secondary phloem and periderm

Question 25

periderm

Answer 25

protective secondary dermal tissue which replaces the epidermis when it is destroyed by secondary growth; consists of the phellogen, phelloderm, and phellem

Question 26

cork cambium (phellogen)

Answer 26

a lateral meristem (a cylindrical sheath of meristematic cells) which divides to form secondary dermal tissue (periderm) which consists of parenchyma (phelloderm) and cork cells (phellem)

Question 27

cork cells (phellem)

Answer 27

a secondary dermal tissue, the outermost layer of the periderm, produced by the cork cambium (phellogen) to the outside of the cork cambium; dead at maturity with suberin-impregnated cell walls

Question 28

phelloderm

Answer 28

a secondary dermal tissue, the innermost layer of the periderm, produced by the cork cambium (phellogen) to the inside of the cork cambium; usually parenchyma

Question 29

suberin

Answer 29

fatty material located within the cell walls of cork cells and the Casparian strip of endodermal cells

Question 30

bark

Answer 30

all tissues outside of the vascular cambium in a woody stem