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BIO 222 > lab 7 terms > Flashcards

lab 7 terms Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

flower

A

the modified shoot of a plant which produces the reproductive structures

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2
Q

sepal

A

a floral organ which, with other sepals, forms the outermost whorl of modified leaves of a flower; collectively form the calyx; typically leaf-like and green

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3
Q

petal

A

a floral organ which, with other petals, forms the second whorl of modified leaves of a flower; often brightly coloured to attract pollinators

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4
Q

corolla

A

all of the petals of a flower

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5
Q

perianth

A

all of the sepals and petals of a flower

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6
Q

stamen

A

male reproductive organ of a flower; a modified leaf that consists of an anther and filament and produces the microsporangia

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7
Q

anther

A

part of the stamen which produces the microsporangia and produces microspores, each of which divide by mitosis to form a male gametophyte, a pollen grain

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8
Q

filament

A

the part of a stamen which is a stalk that supports an anther

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9
Q

androecium

A

all of the stamens of a flower, the third whorl of modified leaves of a flower

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10
Q

carpel

A

female reproductive organ of a flower; a modified leaf that consists of a stigma, style, and ovary which produces the megasporangia; if not fused to other carpels it is a simple pistil

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11
Q

pistil

A

female reproductive organ of a flower; consists of a stigma, style, and ovary; can be a simple pistil (one carpel) or a compound pistil (formed from the fusion of two or more carpels)

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12
Q

stigma

A

the tip of a pistil that receives the pollen

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13
Q

style

A

the stalk of a pistil that elevates the stigma

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14
Q

ovary

A

the base of a pistil that encloses the ovules

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15
Q

gynoecium

A

the pistil or all of the pistils of a flower, the fourth whorl of modified leaves of a flower

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16
Q

receptacle

A

the expanded tip of a flower stalk (pedicel or penduncle) to which the floral organs (sepals, petals, stamens, and pistils) attach

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17
Q

pedicel

A

a flower stalk which bears a flower that is part of an inflorescence

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18
Q

peduncle

A

a flower stalk that bears an inflorescence or a solitary flower

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19
Q

fruit

A

the fertilized, mature ovary of a pistil; contains seeds which mature from ovules

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20
Q

hypogynous

A

a flower where the sepals, petals, and stamens are attached to the receptacle below the attachment point of the ovary (or pistil)

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21
Q

epigynous

A

a flower where the sepals, petals, and stamens are attached above the ovary; the lower parts of the floral organs (except the ovary) are fused to form a floral tube, the hypanthium, which is fused to the ovary wall

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22
Q

perigynous

A

a flower where the lower parts of the sepals, petals, and stamens are fused to form a cup-shaped hypanthium that fuses to the receptacle

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23
Q

superior ovary

A

an ovary where the sepals, petals, and stamens attach below the ovary

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24
Q

inferior ovary

A

an ovary where the sepals, petals, and stamens attach above the ovary

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25
Q

hypanthium

A

a floral tube formed by the fusion of the bases of the sepals, petals, and stamens

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26
Q

bisexual flower

A

a flower that has both stamens and pistil(s), also known as a perfect flower

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27
Q

unisexual flower

A

a flower that has either stamens or pistil(s), also known as an imperfect flower

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28
Q

monoecious

A

a plant with unisexual flowers where there are male and female flowers on the same plant

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29
Q

dioecious

A

a plant with unisexual flowers where male and female flowers are on different plants

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30
Q

determinate inflorescence

A

an inflorescence where the terminal bud differentiates into a flower and is the first to open in the inflorescence; flowers tip to base (the oldest flower is at the apex, the youngest flowers are at the base of the inflorescence)

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31
Q

indeterminate inflorescence

A

an inflorescence where the flowers at the base of the inflorescence bloom first and the younger flowers are closest to the apex; flowers base to tip of the inflorescence)

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32
Q

simple fruit

A

a fruit that develops from a flower with one pistil

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33
Q

aggregate fruit

A

a fruit that develops from a flower with more than one pistil

34
Q

multiple fruit

A

a fruit that develops from more than one flower

35
Q

accessory fruit

A

a fruit that develops from non-ovary tissue (e.g. receptacle, hypanthium)

36
Q

fleshy fruit

A

a fruit that has a fleshy pericarp when mature

37
Q

dry fruit

A

a fruit that has a dry pericarp when matured

38
Q

dehiscent fruit

A

a fruit that opens to release its seeds when mature

39
Q

indehiscent fruit

A

a fruit that does not open at maturity

40
Q

ovary wall

A

the fleshy cell layers outside of the locules of the ovary in a flower; encloses the ovules

41
Q

pericarp

A

the mature ovary wall of a fruit, may be fleshy or dry at maturity

42
Q

locule

A

the cavity or cavities found within an ovary or a fruit; typically the number of cavities present indicates the number of carpels which formed the pistil

43
Q

ovule

A

a reproductive structure within the ovary of a pistil; produces the megasporangium, the megaspore, the female gametophyte, and the egg - it is the site of fertilization

44
Q

seed

A

a fertilized, matured ovule containing the embryonic sporophyte within a fruit; the ovules mature into seeds as the ovary matures into a fruit

45
Q

placenta

A

nutritive tissue to which the ovules and, eventually, the seeds attach within the ovary or fruit

46
Q

funiculus

A

the stalk that attaches an ovule or seed to the placenta

47
Q

raceme

A

a type of inflorescence which is unbranched and indeterminate; the flowers have short pedicels

48
Q

bilaterally symmetrical

A

the condition where an organism or organ can be divided in half in only one plane to give mirror images

49
Q

standard

A

the largest petal of the sweet pea flower; also known as the banner

50
Q

wing

A

one of two small lateral petals of the sweet pea flower

51
Q

keel

A

a pair of petals of the sweet pea flower which are partially fused to each other to form a “boat” that holds the stamens and pistil

52
Q

staminal sheath

A

a tube formed by the fusion or the partial fusion of the filaments of the stamens; typically surrounds the pistil or part of the pistil; in the sweet pea flower, there is one free stamen and the filaments of the other nine stamens have their lower halves fused, forming a tight staminal sheath around the ovary - this sheath has a seam along its length to allow it to open as the pistil grows

53
Q

legume (pod)

A

a dry, dehiscent simple fruit formed from one carpel; opens along two seams

54
Q

hip

A

an aggregate accessory fruit consisting of an enlarged, fleshy hypanthium enclosing numerous small, dry simple fruits (achenes)

55
Q

achene

A

a simple, fry, indehiscent fruit with one seed; the seed is attached to the fruit at one point only

56
Q

cyme

A

a type of determinate inflorescence; flowers tip to base of the inflorescence

57
Q

berry

A

a simple, fleshy fruit

58
Q

capitulum (head)

A

a large disk-shaped inflorescence with sessile flowers with the youngest flowers at the centre; supported by a large compound receptacle

59
Q

involucral bract

A

a group of modified leaves clustered around the base of an inflorescence; to cover and protect as the inflorescence develops

60
Q

ray flower (ligulate flower)

A

an infertile flower found at the periphery of a capitulum; its five petals are fused into a long, very conspicuous strap-shaped corolla to attract pollinators to the inflorescence

61
Q

disk flower (tubular flower)

A

a fertile flower of a capitulum; each flower produces one simple fruit, an achene

62
Q

pappus

A

highly modified sepals of the ray and disk flowers; attached to the top of the ovary

63
Q

corolla tube

A

five petals of the disk flower are fused into a tube which surrounds the pistil and stamens

64
Q

nectary

A

a glandular structure within a flower which secretes sugary nectar to attract pollinators; in blanket flower, nectary tissue is located around the base of the style, surrounded by the base of the corolla tube

65
Q

spike

A

an unbranched, indeterminate inflorescence which bears sessile (stalkless) flowers; seen in wheat

66
Q

panicle

A

a branches and indeterminate inflorescence; essentially a compound (or branched) raceme; seen in oats

67
Q

spikelet

A

the unit of inflorescence of a grass (one of the flower clusters), consisting of two or more florets and their associated bracts, the glumes

68
Q

floret

A

a unit within a spikelet that consists of a flower enclosed by two bracts, the palea and lemma

69
Q

glume

A

a bract which acts in pairs to enclose one or more florets; part of a spikelet

70
Q

palea

A

a bract which acts with a larger bract, the lemma, to enclose a flower; part of a floret

71
Q

lemma

A

a bract which acts with a smaller bract, the palea, to enclose a flower; part of a floret

72
Q

caryopsis

A

a simple, indehiscent fruit with one seed; the pericarp is fused to the seed coat

73
Q

catkin (ament)

A

an inflorescence that is unbranched and indeterminate and bears sessile (stalkless) flowers similar to a spike except that each flower is associated with a bract large enough to mostly conceal the flower

74
Q

bract

A

a modified leaf associated with a flower; in willow the bracts are coated with many long trichomes

75
Q

capsule

A

a dry, dehiscent fruit produced by two or more carpels which, in the willow, will open to release a huge number of tiny seeds, each with several long trichomes for dispersal

76
Q

umbel

A

an inflorescence where flowers with short pedicels are produced from a single point; often flat-topped but can be spherical; can be simple or compound

77
Q

samara

A

a one- or two-seeded simple fruit with the pericarp bearing a wing like outgrowth; a modified achene

78
Q

nut

A

a hard, one-seeded simple fruit, generally formed from a compound ovary, with the pericarp hard throughout

79
Q

drupe

A

a simple fleshy fruit formed from a single carpel and containing (usually) one seed

80
Q

pepo

A

a simple fleshy fruit; a berry with a hard rind

81
Q

hesperidium

A

a simple fleshy fruit; a berry with oily rind and juice-filled hairs in the locules

82
Q
A

BIO 222 (33 decks)

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