lab 4 terms Flashcards

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1
Q

phyllotaxy

A

the arrangement of leaves on a stem

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2
Q

alternate phyllotaxy

A

leaf arrangement where there is one leaf per node; there are two types of alternate phyllotaxy: alternate distichous and alternate spiral

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3
Q

alternate distichous phyllotaxy

A

leaf arrangement where there is one leaf per node and leaves are arranged in two rows, 180 degrees from each other; leaves are in a single plane

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4
Q

alternate spiral phyllotaxy

A

leaf arrangement where there is one leaf per node and leaves are arranged in a spiral around the stem

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5
Q

opposite phyllotaxy

A

leaf arrangement where there are two leaves per node and leaves are arranged in pairs across the stem from each other; there are two types of opposite phyllotaxy: opposite distichous and opposite decussate

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6
Q

opposite distichous phyllotaxy

A

leaf arrangement where there are two leaves per node and leaves are arranged in pairs across the stem from each other; pairs of leaves are in a single plane

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7
Q

opposite decussate phyllotaxy

A

leaf arrangement where there are two leaves per node and leaves are arranged in pairs across the stem from each other; successive pairs of leaves are at right angles to one another

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8
Q

whorled phyllotaxy

A

leaf arrangement where there are three or more leaves per node

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9
Q

venation

A

the pattern of veins within a leaf

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10
Q

pinnate reticulate venation

A

the pattern of veins within a leaf where there is a midrib and veins branch from it with larger veins branching into smaller veins

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11
Q

reticulate (netted) venation

A

the pattern of veins within a leaf where the veins form a network, branching from larger to smaller veins; characteristic of eudicots

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12
Q

palmate reticulate venation

A

the pattern of veins within a leaf where there are several large veins (no midrib) branching from the top of the petiole that branch into smaller and smaller veins

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13
Q

adaxial surface

A

the upper surface of the leaf

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14
Q

abaxial surface

A

the lower surface of the leaf

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15
Q

leaf sheath

A

part of a leaf in some monocots (grasses); the base of the leaf that wraps around the stem

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16
Q

parallel venation

A

the pattern of veins within a leaf where there is usually a midrib with several other large veins running parallel to it for the length of the leaf blade; there are typically many tiny cross veins that join the parallel veins along their length; characteristic of monocots

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17
Q

ligule

A

a small outgrowth of a monocot (grass) leaf at the point where the leaf blade meets the leaf sheath

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18
Q

simple leaf

A

a leaf where the blade is not divided into distinct parts

19
Q

compound leaf

A

a leaf where the blade is divided into leaflets, usually each with its own small stalk

20
Q

pinnately compound leaf

A

a compound leaf where the leaflets arise from other side of an axis, the rachis (resembles a feather)

21
Q

palmately compound leaf

A

a compound leaf where the leaflets all arise from the top of the petiole (there is no rachis)

22
Q

leaflet

A

one of the part of the blade of a compound leaf

23
Q

rachis

A

the central axis of a pinnately compound lead to which the leaflets attach

24
Q

stipule

A

an outgrowth from the base of the petiole of a leaf; often in pairs

25
Q

sessile leaf

A

a leaf which lacks a petiole; the blade attaches directly to the node

26
Q

photosynthesis

A

the conversion of light energy to chemical energy; the production of carbohydrates from CO2 and water in the presence of light and chlorophyll, using light energy

27
Q

tendril

A

a modified leaf or leaflet (or stem); modified into a slender, coiling structure which grows around other plants or objects to help support the plant

28
Q

spine

A

a modified leaf; modified into a hard, sharp-pointed structure; often for protection from herbivores

29
Q

prickle

A

a sharp, pointed outgrowth of the epidermis of a leaf or stem (a rose’s ‘thorns’ are actually prickles); for protection from herbivores

30
Q

bulb

A

a specialized underground bud with thick, fleshy leaves (both the leaves and the stem are modified); the bulb functions in vegetative reproduction - the leaves of the bulb function in food storage

31
Q

bud scale

A

small, hard leaves which surround and protect shoot buds (often over the winter)

32
Q

carnivorous plant

A

plants with leaves modified in a variety of ways to entrap insects to enhance nutrition (venus flytrap, sundew, pitcher plant, etc)

33
Q

chloroplast

A

a organelle (a plastid) within a plant cell which contains pigments such as chlorophyll a and is responsible for photosynthesis

34
Q

endodermis

A

a single layer of cells forming a sheath around the vascular region in roots and some stems and leaves (pine)

35
Q

mesophyll

A

the ground tissue (parenchyma) of a leaf lying between the upper and lower epidermis and interspersed with veins; consists of cells with many chloroplasts and often with large intercellular spaces - for photosynthesis

36
Q

palisade mesophyll

A

a layer of mesophyll in the top half of the leaf with long rectangular cells oriented to take full advantage of sunlight

37
Q

spongy mesophyll

A

a layer of mesophyll in the bottom half of the leaf with loosely-arranged cells surrounded by large intercellular spaces

38
Q

chlorophyll a

A

the main photosynthetic pigment which traps light energy; absorbs light with wavelengths that peak at 430nm (violet and blue) and at 662nm (orange and red)

39
Q

chlorophyll b

A

an accessory photosynthetic pigment; absorbs light with wavelengths that peak at 453nm (blue and green) and at 660nm (orange)

40
Q

carotenoid pigments

A

a group of accessory photosynthetic pigments, including carotenes and xanthophylls

41
Q

xanthohyll

A

an accessory photosynthetic pigment; one of the carotenoid pigments which absorbs light with wavelengths that peak at 450nm (blue and green)

42
Q

carotene

A

an accessory photosynthetic pigment; one of the carotenoid pigments which absorbs light with wavelengths that peak at 440nm (violet) and 470nm (blue)

43
Q
A