Lecture: The Digestive System Pt 2 Flashcards
Where is fecal matter temporarily stored?
The rectum
What is a colonoscopy and what is its purpose?
A camera is inserted through the anus up to the cecum to screen for colon cancer.
What is absorbed in the intestinal tract?
Water (unless diarrhea)
What is the function of the liver?
- filter the blood 2. detoxifies chemicals 3. secrete bile
Where is bile stored and concentrated?
The gallbladder
What are hepatocytes?
Cells of the liver
What do hepatocytes do?
Secrete bile
Where is bile stored?
In the gallbladder
How are carbohydrates digested?
- Mouth, salivary amylase 2. Duodenum, pancreatic amylase
How are proteins digested?
- Stomach via pepsin 2. Duodenum pancreatic trypsin
How are lipids digested?
In the duodenum, lipase
How are lipids emulsified?
Bile and Lipase created by the pancreas combine to emulsify lipids
Who is most at risk for gallstones?
FFF, Fair Female Fat
What are gallstones?
High levels of cholesterol or bilirubin, bile forms solid particles.
What is the removal of gallbladder called? What is a side effect?
A cholecystectomy. You can no longer digest fat.
How long is the rectum?
15 cm or 6 inches
What causes the urge to defecate?
Movement of fecal material into the rectum
What part of the rectum is under voluntary control?
The skeletal muscles of the external anal sphincter
What part of the rectum has smooth muscle cells?
The internal anal sphincter (no voluntary control)
Why does anal intercourse cause the highest contraction of HIV?
Because of the many glands that secrete fluid in the anus.
What is the only organ not included in the peritoneum?
The kidney is BEHIND the peritoneum.
How are most nutrients absorbed?
From the duodenum through the hepatic portal vein to the liver for filtering.
What does the good bacteria of the large intestine produce?
Vitamin K (blood coagulation)
What enzymes are exclusive to infants?
Rennin (for milk protein digestion)
What are the subdivisions of the mucosa?
Epithelium, Lamina Propria, Muscularis Mucosae
What are the subdivisions of the muscularis?
Longitudinal Muscle and Circular Muscle
What is the major function of the muscosa
Secretes mucous, digestive enzymes, absorps nutrients and protects against disease
What is the major function of the muscularis?
Segmentation and peristalsis along the tract, regularted by mesenteric nerve plexus
What is the major function of the serosa adventia? or peritoneal layer idc
reduces friction between internal organs
Another name for the digestive tract
alimentary canal
What is the major function of the submuscosa?
houses blood vessels and gives structural support
What types of epitheleal cells are in the esophagus vs the stomach?
Esophagus: Stratified Squamous cells offer protections
Stomach: Columnar or goblet cells absorb and secrete
Fingerlike extensions of the intestinal mucosa that increase the surface area for absorption
Villi
large collections of lymphoid tissue found in the submucosa of the small intestine
Peyer’s Patches
Deep folds of the mucosa and submucosa that extend completely or partially around the circumference of the small intestine
Circular Folds
Mobile Organ of the digestive system
Tongue
Conduit for both air and food
Pharynx
Pocketlike sacs of the large intestine
haustra
Projections of the plasma membrane of the muscosal epithelial cell
microvilli
valve at the junction of the small and large intestines
ileocecal valve
Membrane securing the tongue to the floor of the mouth
frenulum
Area between the lips and cheeks
Oral Vestibule
Covers abdominal organs like an apron
greater omentum
wormlike sac that outpockets the cecum
appendix
valve between the stomach and duodenum
pyloric sphincter
posterosuperior boundary of the oral cavity
soft palate
bone supported anterosuperior boundary of the oral cavity
hard palate
