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A+P 2 > Lecture: The Digestive System Pt 1 > Flashcards

Lecture: The Digestive System Pt 1 Flashcards

1
Q

The autonomic system is divided into what to sub-systems?

A

The sympathetic and the parasympathetic

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2
Q

The salivatory nuclei are in what part of the brain?

A

The medulla oblongata

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3
Q

What does the autonomic system control?

A

Unconscious body functions (glands, smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, etc.)

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4
Q

Role of the parasympathetic nervous system?

A

Fight or Flight response

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5
Q

Role of the sympathetic nervous system?

A

Relaxes the body and slows many high energy functions.

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6
Q

If you’re nervous how might your nervous system affect your salivary glands?

A

The parasympathetic nervous system might make your mouth dry

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7
Q

If you’re relaxing, how might your nervous system affect your salivary glands?

A

The sympathetic nervous system might make your mouth dry.

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8
Q

What is Anabolism?

A

Constructive metabolism; the synthesization of raw materials into energy.

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9
Q

What is Catabolism?

A

Destructive metabolism; the break down of complex molecules into simpler ones.

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10
Q

What 2 components are necessary for catabolism?

A
  1. Organic Materials

2. Oxygen

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11
Q

How long is the esphogus

A

10 inches long

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12
Q

Between what two organs is the esophagus located?

A

The inferior portion of the pharynx and ends at the stomach.

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13
Q

What organs make up the digestive tract?

A
  1. pharynx
  2. esophagus
  3. stomach
  4. small and large intestines
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14
Q

What are the 4 parts of the stomach?

A
  1. Cardia
  2. Fundus
  3. Body
  4. Pylorus
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15
Q

What is Ingestion?

A

The first step of the D.S.,

when food enters the mouth.

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16
Q

What is mechanical prossesing?

A

The second step of the D.S.,

food is chewed and mixed with salivary enzymes in the mouth

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17
Q

What is Digestion?

A

The third step of the D.S.,

food is broken down chemically in the stomach for absorption.

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18
Q

What is Secretion?

A

The fourth step of the D.S.,

glandular organs and epithelium in the tract secrete water, buffers, enzymes and salts.

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19
Q

Why do babies need to be burped?

A

Air gets trapped in the fundus of the stomach.

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20
Q

What is Absorption?

A

The fourth step of the D.S.,

Nutrients, and water pass through digestive epithelium into interstitial fluid of digestive tract

21
Q

What is Excretion?

A

The final step of the D.S.,

Removal of waste products from body fluids

22
Q

What are the layers of the digestive tract from superficial to deep?

A
  1. Peritoneum
  2. Muscular
  3. Submucosa
  4. Mucosa
23
Q

Where us the Nervous Supply Mesenteric Plexus located? (What layer)

A

The submucosa of the digestive tract.

24
Q

The lining of the digestive tract protects against what?

A
  1. Chemical corrosion
  2. Mechanical abrasion
  3. Bacteria
25
Q

What 2 significant cells are in the stomach?

A
  1. Pariental cells

2. Chief cells

26
Q

What are Parietal Cells?

A

Cells of the stomach that secrete intrinsic factor and hydrochloric acid

27
Q

What are Chief Cells?

A

Secrete pepsinogen which is converted by hydrochloric acid into Pepsin

28
Q

What is the only enzyme secreted by the stomach?

A

Pepsin

29
Q

Where are the gastric glands?

A

The fundus of the stomach

30
Q

What is Peritoneal Fluid?

A

Lubriacting fluid produced by the serous membrane.

31
Q

Why doesn’t hydrochloric acid break the wall of the stomach?

A

Protection by the mucosa

32
Q

What are Mesentaries

A

Double sheets of peritoneal membrane

33
Q

What creates gastric ulcers?

A

A break in the mucosa (wall of the stomach)

34
Q

What is the function of the Mesentaries?

A
  1. Stabilize organs

2. Prevent entanglement of intestines

35
Q

What is the Rugae?

A

The ridged lining of the stomach, helps it expand.

36
Q

What is the Lesser Omentum?

A

A double layer of peritoneum extending from the liver to the lesser curvature of the stomach and the first part of the duodenum

37
Q

What is the Falciform Ligament?

A

a ligament that attaches the liver to the front body wall, and separates the liver into the left and right lobes

38
Q

What is the entry and exit to the stomach called?

A

Gastric Sphincters

39
Q

What causes heartburn?

A

The reflux of stomach acid through the gastric sphincter into the esophagus.

40
Q

What are the major functions of the stomach?

A
  1. Food storage
  2. Mechanical Breakdown
  3. Chemical Breakdown
  4. Production of intrinsic factor
41
Q

What is the only macronutrient digested by the stomach?

A

Protein

42
Q

What is the pH of the stomach?

A

2.0 (Very Strong Acid)

43
Q

What enzyme breaks down protein?

A

Pepsin

44
Q

What are the 3 phases of acid production?

A

Cephalic phase, gastric phase and intestinal phase

45
Q

How long is the large intestine?

A

1.5 meters or 5 feet long

46
Q

How long is the small intestine?

A

6 meters or 20 feet long

47
Q

Where does the most digestion occur?

A

In the duodenum (1st 10 inches) of the small intestine

48
Q

What is the narrowest part of the intesine?

A

The junction (ileocecal valve) of the illium and the cecum

A+P 2 (19 decks)

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