Lecture: The Digestive System Pt 1

Question 1

The autonomic system is divided into what to sub-systems?

Answer 1

The sympathetic and the parasympathetic

Question 2

The salivatory nuclei are in what part of the brain?

Answer 2

The medulla oblongata

Question 3

What does the autonomic system control?

Answer 3

Unconscious body functions (glands, smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, etc.)

Question 4

Role of the parasympathetic nervous system?

Answer 4

Fight or Flight response

Question 5

Role of the sympathetic nervous system?

Answer 5

Relaxes the body and slows many high energy functions.

Question 6

If you’re nervous how might your nervous system affect your salivary glands?

Answer 6

The parasympathetic nervous system might make your mouth dry

Question 7

If you’re relaxing, how might your nervous system affect your salivary glands?

Answer 7

The sympathetic nervous system might make your mouth dry.

Question 8

What is Anabolism?

Answer 8

Constructive metabolism; the synthesization of raw materials into energy.

Question 9

What is Catabolism?

Answer 9

Destructive metabolism; the break down of complex molecules into simpler ones.

Question 10

What 2 components are necessary for catabolism?

Answer 10

1. Organic Materials

2. Oxygen

Question 11

How long is the esphogus

Answer 11

10 inches long

Question 12

Between what two organs is the esophagus located?

Answer 12

The inferior portion of the pharynx and ends at the stomach.

Question 13

What organs make up the digestive tract?

Answer 13

1. pharynx
2. esophagus
3. stomach
4. small and large intestines

Question 14

What are the 4 parts of the stomach?

Answer 14

1. Cardia
2. Fundus
3. Body
4. Pylorus

Question 15

What is Ingestion?

Answer 15

The first step of the D.S.,

when food enters the mouth.

Question 16

What is mechanical prossesing?

Answer 16

The second step of the D.S.,

food is chewed and mixed with salivary enzymes in the mouth

Question 17

What is Digestion?

Answer 17

The third step of the D.S.,

food is broken down chemically in the stomach for absorption.

Question 18

What is Secretion?

Answer 18

The fourth step of the D.S.,

glandular organs and epithelium in the tract secrete water, buffers, enzymes and salts.

Question 19

Why do babies need to be burped?

Answer 19

Air gets trapped in the fundus of the stomach.

Question 20

What is Absorption?

Answer 20

The fourth step of the D.S.,

Nutrients, and water pass through digestive epithelium into interstitial fluid of digestive tract

Question 21

What is Excretion?

Answer 21

The final step of the D.S.,

Removal of waste products from body fluids

Question 22

What are the layers of the digestive tract from superficial to deep?

Answer 22

1. Peritoneum
2. Muscular
3. Submucosa
4. Mucosa

Question 23

Where us the Nervous Supply Mesenteric Plexus located? (What layer)

Answer 23

The submucosa of the digestive tract.

Question 24

The lining of the digestive tract protects against what?

Answer 24

1. Chemical corrosion
2. Mechanical abrasion
3. Bacteria

Question 25

What 2 significant cells are in the stomach?

Answer 25

1. Pariental cells | 2. Chief cells

Question 26

What are Parietal Cells?

Answer 26

Cells of the stomach that secrete intrinsic factor and hydrochloric acid

Question 27

What are Chief Cells?

Answer 27

Secrete pepsinogen which is converted by hydrochloric acid into Pepsin

Question 28

What is the only enzyme secreted by the stomach?

Answer 28

Pepsin

Question 29

Where are the gastric glands?

Answer 29

The fundus of the stomach

Question 30

What is Peritoneal Fluid?

Answer 30

Lubriacting fluid produced by the serous membrane.

Question 31

Why doesn’t hydrochloric acid break the wall of the stomach?

Answer 31

Protection by the mucosa

Question 32

What are Mesentaries

Answer 32

Double sheets of peritoneal membrane

Question 33

What creates gastric ulcers?

Answer 33

A break in the mucosa (wall of the stomach)

Question 34

What is the function of the Mesentaries?

Answer 34

1. Stabilize organs | 2. Prevent entanglement of intestines

Question 35

What is the Rugae?

Answer 35

The ridged lining of the stomach, helps it expand.

Question 36

What is the Lesser Omentum?

Answer 36

A double layer of peritoneum extending from the liver to the lesser curvature of the stomach and the first part of the duodenum

Question 37

What is the Falciform Ligament?

Answer 37

a ligament that attaches the liver to the front body wall, and separates the liver into the left and right lobes

Question 38

What is the entry and exit to the stomach called?

Answer 38

Gastric Sphincters

Question 39

What causes heartburn?

Answer 39

The reflux of stomach acid through the gastric sphincter into the esophagus.

Question 40

What are the major functions of the stomach?

Answer 40

1. Food storage 2. Mechanical Breakdown 3. Chemical Breakdown 4. Production of intrinsic factor

Question 41

What is the only macronutrient digested by the stomach?

Answer 41

Protein

Question 42

What is the pH of the stomach?

Answer 42

2.0 (Very Strong Acid)

Question 43

What enzyme breaks down protein?

Answer 43

Pepsin

Question 44

What are the 3 phases of acid production?

Answer 44

Cephalic phase, gastric phase and intestinal phase

Question 45

How long is the large intestine?

Answer 45

1.5 meters or 5 feet long

Question 46

How long is the small intestine?

Answer 46

6 meters or 20 feet long

Question 47

Where does the most digestion occur?

Answer 47

In the duodenum (1st 10 inches) of the small intestine

Question 48

What is the narrowest part of the intesine?

Answer 48

The junction (ileocecal valve) of the illium and the cecum