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Anatomy Lecture > Lecture Study Guide Exam 2 > Flashcards

Lecture Study Guide Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following glial cells is defined incorrectly?

  • Oligodendrocytes: Forms myelin in the brain and spinal cord
  • Astrocytes: Produce cerebral spinal fluid (CSF)
  • Microglia: Macrophages that develop from white blood cells
  • Ependymal cell: Contain no basement membrane
A

Astrocytes: Produce cerebral spinal fluid (CSF)

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2
Q

All of the following describe Multiple Sclerosis except?

  • Demyelination of the CNS
  • There is no cure
  • Nerve conduction is amplified
  • Oligodentrocytes are replaced by hardened scar tissue
A

Nerve conduction is amplified

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3
Q

Which statement about the nervous system is correct?

  • The CNS consists of the brain, cranial nerves, and spinal cord
  • Only the PNS contains Satellite Cells
  • Another term for the somatic sensory division is the automatic nervous system (ANS)
  • The efferent division carries signals from effectors to the CNS
A

Only the PNS contains Satellite Cells

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4
Q

In the PNS, nerve regeneration is impossible

True or False?

A

False

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5
Q

What do chemical synapses and electrical synapses have in common?

  • The release of a neurotransmitter is required
  • They both integrate information and make decisions
  • Communication occurs at the axon terminal
  • Adjacent cells are joined by gap junctions
A

Communication occurs at the axon terminal

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6
Q

The subarachnoid space is also referred to as the lumbar cistern

True or False?

A

True

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7
Q

Which of the following is true regarding gray and white matter in the CNS?

  • White matter surrounds gray matter and contains bundles of unmyelinated axons
  • Gray matter is the site of synaptic contact between neurons and is therefore the site of synaptic integration
  • White matter contains a central canal in the middle
  • Gray matter provides avenues of communication between different levels in the CNS
A

Gray matter is the site of synaptic contact between neurons and is therefore the site of synaptic integration

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8
Q

Which of these ascending tracts decussates in the spinal cord AND is responsible for signaling pain and temperature sensations?

  • Spinothalamic tract
  • Gracile fasciculus
  • Spinocerebellar tract
  • Cuneate fasciculus
A

Spinothalamic tract

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9
Q

In the thoracic region, the anterior ramus forms ____

  • Cutaneous nerves
  • The cervical plexus
  • An intercostal nerve
  • The lumbar plexus
A

An intercostal nerve

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10
Q

All of the following statements are true except:

  • Reflexes require stimulation
  • Skeletal muscles are a component of a somatic reflex
  • Glands are able to generate a visceral reflex
  • All of these are true
A

All of these are true

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11
Q

The cerebrum lies superior to the cerebellum, and its’ two hemispheres are connected by the corpus callosum

True or False?

A

True

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12
Q

Which is true regarding the dura mater?

  • Contains an epidural space
  • Is attached to the sutures of the skull
  • Within the cranium, there are 3 layers
  • The falx cerebelli empties into the internal jugular veins of the neck
A

Is attached to the sutures of the skull

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13
Q

Which of the following correctly relates to Ependymal cells?

  • Absorbs cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) with the help of arachnoid granulations
  • Also known as the cerebral aqueduct within the third ventricle
  • Cover the choroid plexus and chemically modify filtrate
  • None of these
A

Cover the choroid plexus and chemically modify filtrate

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14
Q

Which structure would you find CSF flowing?

  • Lateral ventricles
  • Subarachnoid space
  • Cerebral aqueduct
  • Central canal
  • All of these
A

All of these

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15
Q

Parkinson’s disease degenerates cells within the cerebral cortex, causing uncontrolled muscle movements

True or False?

A

False

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16
Q

Which of the following nerves are both motor and sensory (mixed)?

  • Olfactory
  • Abducens
  • Accessary
  • All of these
  • None of these
A

None of these

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17
Q

Which of the following is controlled by the autonomic nervous system?

  • Skeletal muscle in the rectus abdominus
  • Cardiac muscle in the right atrium
  • Pelvic floor muscles used to pass gas
  • None of these are controlled by the ANS
A

Cardiac muscle in the right atrium

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18
Q

Sympathetic stimulation results in…

  • Dilation of the pupil
  • Acceleration of the heart
  • Bronchodilation
  • Inhibits activity of pancreas
  • All of these
  • None of these
A

All of these

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19
Q

Which statement is true?

  • The thoracolumbar division has short preganglionic fibers and long postganglionic fibers
    The sympathetic division of the ANS arises from only the thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cord
  • The sympathetic division has no cranial nerves which originates in the spinal cord
  • All of these
  • None of these
A

All of these

20
Q

Which statement correctly compares/contrasts the somatic and automatic system?

  • The somatic motor division is usually voluntary, and the autonomic division is usually involuntary
  • The autonomic division requires two neurons from the CNS to the effector whereas the somatic nervous system only requires one neuron from the CNS to the effector
  • The somatic nervous system has neuromuscular junctions at it’s distal nerve endings while the ANS ends in beadlike varicosities which release a neurotransmitter
  • All of these
  • None of these
A

All of these

21
Q

Muscarinic receptors are a type of cholinergic receptors

True or False

A

True

22
Q

What is another name for prevertebral ganglion?

  • Collateral ganglion
  • Preganglionic neuron
  • Autonomic ganglia
  • Paravertebral ganglia
  • None of these
A

Collateral ganglion

23
Q

Which of these is true?

  • Pain coming from joints and skin is somatic pain
  • Nociceptors detect odor, taste
  • Unmyelinated pain fibers are faster and produce slow pain
  • There are 4 types of nociceptors corresponding to unique pain sensations
A

Pain coming from joints and skin is somatic pain

24
Q

What transfers sound vibrations to the inner ear?

  • The vestibule
  • The stapedius
  • the stapes
  • The modiolus
A

The stapes

25
Q

How is turning and twisting motions (angular acceleration) detected?

  • Utricle bend hair cells by gravitational force
  • Saccule bends hair cells by moving perilymph
  • Semicircular ducts via moving endolymph which bends hair cells
A

Semicircular ducts via moving endolymph which bends hair cells

26
Q

Where could endolymph be found?

  • Membrane labyrinth
  • Cochlea
  • Osseous labyrinth
  • Perilymph
A

Membranous labyrinth

27
Q

What is false about Myopia?

  • Can be corrected using concave lens
  • May occur if lens gets too thick
  • Is also known as farsightedness
  • Occurs from eyeball being too long in anterior direction
A

Is also known as farsightedness

28
Q

Which of these is paired to the correct function

  • Lens cortex: Forms detailed vision in pit in retina
  • Macula: Detects linear acceleration
  • Semicircular ducts: detects orthogonal motion
  • Fovea Centralis: uses nociceptors to create images
A

Macula: Detects linear acceleration

29
Q

What hormones aren’t produced by hypothalamus

  • Anti-diuretic h
  • Oxytocin
  • Corticosterone
A

Corticosterone

30
Q

What gland is actually two parts?

  • Pituitary gland
  • Hypothalamus
  • Endocrine glands
  • Prostate glands
A

Pituitary gland

31
Q

What function does calcitonin carry out?

  • Stimulates prenatal brain development
  • Stimulates secretion of growth
  • Decreases blood calcium
  • Controls body’s metabolism
A

Decreased blood calcium

32
Q

What systems does the thymus play a role in?

  • Endocrine system
  • Lymphatic system
  • Immune system
  • All of the above
A

All of the above

33
Q

Which of these hormones primarily functions in the immune system?

  • Oxytocin
  • Luteinizing hormone
  • Prolactin
  • Thymosin
  • All of these
A

Thymosin

34
Q

The endocrine system acts quickly

True or False

A

False

35
Q

Which of these is fluid connective tissue?

  • Blood
  • Fibrinogen
  • Hemoglobin
  • Basophils
A

Blood

36
Q

Which of these is a class of plasma proteins?

  • Albumins
  • Gamma Globulins
  • Procoagulants
  • All of the above
A

All of the above

37
Q

What function does erythrocytes carry out?

  • Contains clotting factors
  • Transport O2 to tissues
  • Protect against pathogens
  • Phagocytize bacteria
A

Transport O2 to tissues

38
Q

Which of the following does not produce WBC’s ?

  • Red Bone Marrow
  • The spleen
  • Lymph nodes
  • All of the above
A

Lymph nodes

39
Q

Which leukocyte is incorrectly matched to its function?

  • Neutrophils: Numbers rise in response to bacterial infections
  • Lymphocytes: Destruction of cancer cells
  • Monocytes: Transform into macrophages
  • Eosinophil: Produces heparin
A

Eosinophil: Produces heparin

40
Q

What organ produces the majority of the body’s erythropoietin? Slide 40

  • Kidneys
  • Liver
  • Spleen
  • Red Bone Marrow
A

Kidneys

41
Q

What part of the heart receives deoxygenated blood?

  • Left atrium
  • Inferior Vena Cava
  • Right atrium
  • Aorta
A

Right atrium

42
Q

What lines the interior of the walls of the ventricle?

  • Trabeculae Carneae
  • Pectinate Muscles
  • Coronary Sulcus
  • All of the above
A

Trabeculae Carneae

43
Q

Which of these is matched to the incorrect attribute?

  • Endocardium lines the interior of the heart chambers
  • Myocardium encloses the heart in double walled sac
  • Epicardium forms layer over heart surface, on outside of heart
  • Pericardial fluid is present in pericardial activity
A

Myocardium encloses the heart in double walled sac

44
Q

What is the term for the flap that seals the foramen ovale?

  • Ductus arteriosus
  • Patent foramen ovale
  • Ligamentum arteriosum
  • Fossa ovalis
A

Fossa ovalis

45
Q

What is another name for Chordae Tendineae?

  • Papillary Muscles
  • Tendinous cords
  • Trabeculae Carnae
  • Valves
A

Tendinous cords

46
Q

To get from left atrium to left ventricle, blood flows through which valve? Another term for this valve is the …

  • Bicuspid, Mitral valve
  • Tricuspid valve, right atrioventricular valve
  • Bicuspid valve, Right atrioventricular valve
  • Pulmonary valve, aortic valve
A

Bicuspid, Mitral valve

Anatomy Lecture (11 decks)

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