Lecture Study Guide Exam 2 Flashcards
Which of the following glial cells is defined incorrectly?
- Oligodendrocytes: Forms myelin in the brain and spinal cord
- Astrocytes: Produce cerebral spinal fluid (CSF)
- Microglia: Macrophages that develop from white blood cells
- Ependymal cell: Contain no basement membrane
Astrocytes: Produce cerebral spinal fluid (CSF)
All of the following describe Multiple Sclerosis except?
- Demyelination of the CNS
- There is no cure
- Nerve conduction is amplified
- Oligodentrocytes are replaced by hardened scar tissue
Nerve conduction is amplified
Which statement about the nervous system is correct?
- The CNS consists of the brain, cranial nerves, and spinal cord
- Only the PNS contains Satellite Cells
- Another term for the somatic sensory division is the automatic nervous system (ANS)
- The efferent division carries signals from effectors to the CNS
Only the PNS contains Satellite Cells
In the PNS, nerve regeneration is impossible
True or False?
False
What do chemical synapses and electrical synapses have in common?
- The release of a neurotransmitter is required
- They both integrate information and make decisions
- Communication occurs at the axon terminal
- Adjacent cells are joined by gap junctions
Communication occurs at the axon terminal
The subarachnoid space is also referred to as the lumbar cistern
True or False?
True
Which of the following is true regarding gray and white matter in the CNS?
- White matter surrounds gray matter and contains bundles of unmyelinated axons
- Gray matter is the site of synaptic contact between neurons and is therefore the site of synaptic integration
- White matter contains a central canal in the middle
- Gray matter provides avenues of communication between different levels in the CNS
Gray matter is the site of synaptic contact between neurons and is therefore the site of synaptic integration
Which of these ascending tracts decussates in the spinal cord AND is responsible for signaling pain and temperature sensations?
- Spinothalamic tract
- Gracile fasciculus
- Spinocerebellar tract
- Cuneate fasciculus
Spinothalamic tract
In the thoracic region, the anterior ramus forms ____
- Cutaneous nerves
- The cervical plexus
- An intercostal nerve
- The lumbar plexus
An intercostal nerve
All of the following statements are true except:
- Reflexes require stimulation
- Skeletal muscles are a component of a somatic reflex
- Glands are able to generate a visceral reflex
- All of these are true
All of these are true
The cerebrum lies superior to the cerebellum, and its’ two hemispheres are connected by the corpus callosum
True or False?
True
Which is true regarding the dura mater?
- Contains an epidural space
- Is attached to the sutures of the skull
- Within the cranium, there are 3 layers
- The falx cerebelli empties into the internal jugular veins of the neck
Is attached to the sutures of the skull
Which of the following correctly relates to Ependymal cells?
- Absorbs cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) with the help of arachnoid granulations
- Also known as the cerebral aqueduct within the third ventricle
- Cover the choroid plexus and chemically modify filtrate
- None of these
Cover the choroid plexus and chemically modify filtrate
Which structure would you find CSF flowing?
- Lateral ventricles
- Subarachnoid space
- Cerebral aqueduct
- Central canal
- All of these
All of these
Parkinson’s disease degenerates cells within the cerebral cortex, causing uncontrolled muscle movements
True or False?
False
Which of the following nerves are both motor and sensory (mixed)?
- Olfactory
- Abducens
- Accessary
- All of these
- None of these
None of these
Which of the following is controlled by the autonomic nervous system?
- Skeletal muscle in the rectus abdominus
- Cardiac muscle in the right atrium
- Pelvic floor muscles used to pass gas
- None of these are controlled by the ANS
Cardiac muscle in the right atrium
Sympathetic stimulation results in…
- Dilation of the pupil
- Acceleration of the heart
- Bronchodilation
- Inhibits activity of pancreas
- All of these
- None of these
All of these
Which statement is true?
- The thoracolumbar division has short preganglionic fibers and long postganglionic fibers
The sympathetic division of the ANS arises from only the thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cord - The sympathetic division has no cranial nerves which originates in the spinal cord
- All of these
- None of these
All of these
Which statement correctly compares/contrasts the somatic and automatic system?
- The somatic motor division is usually voluntary, and the autonomic division is usually involuntary
- The autonomic division requires two neurons from the CNS to the effector whereas the somatic nervous system only requires one neuron from the CNS to the effector
- The somatic nervous system has neuromuscular junctions at it’s distal nerve endings while the ANS ends in beadlike varicosities which release a neurotransmitter
- All of these
- None of these
All of these
Muscarinic receptors are a type of cholinergic receptors
True or False
True
What is another name for prevertebral ganglion?
- Collateral ganglion
- Preganglionic neuron
- Autonomic ganglia
- Paravertebral ganglia
- None of these
Collateral ganglion
Which of these is true?
- Pain coming from joints and skin is somatic pain
- Nociceptors detect odor, taste
- Unmyelinated pain fibers are faster and produce slow pain
- There are 4 types of nociceptors corresponding to unique pain sensations
Pain coming from joints and skin is somatic pain
What transfers sound vibrations to the inner ear?
- The vestibule
- The stapedius
- the stapes
- The modiolus
The stapes
How is turning and twisting motions (angular acceleration) detected?
- Utricle bend hair cells by gravitational force
- Saccule bends hair cells by moving perilymph
- Semicircular ducts via moving endolymph which bends hair cells
Semicircular ducts via moving endolymph which bends hair cells
Where could endolymph be found?
- Membrane labyrinth
- Cochlea
- Osseous labyrinth
- Perilymph
Membranous labyrinth
What is false about Myopia?
- Can be corrected using concave lens
- May occur if lens gets too thick
- Is also known as farsightedness
- Occurs from eyeball being too long in anterior direction
Is also known as farsightedness
Which of these is paired to the correct function
- Lens cortex: Forms detailed vision in pit in retina
- Macula: Detects linear acceleration
- Semicircular ducts: detects orthogonal motion
- Fovea Centralis: uses nociceptors to create images
Macula: Detects linear acceleration
What hormones aren’t produced by hypothalamus
- Anti-diuretic h
- Oxytocin
- Corticosterone
Corticosterone
What gland is actually two parts?
- Pituitary gland
- Hypothalamus
- Endocrine glands
- Prostate glands
Pituitary gland
What function does calcitonin carry out?
- Stimulates prenatal brain development
- Stimulates secretion of growth
- Decreases blood calcium
- Controls body’s metabolism
Decreased blood calcium
What systems does the thymus play a role in?
- Endocrine system
- Lymphatic system
- Immune system
- All of the above
All of the above
Which of these hormones primarily functions in the immune system?
- Oxytocin
- Luteinizing hormone
- Prolactin
- Thymosin
- All of these
Thymosin
The endocrine system acts quickly
True or False
False
Which of these is fluid connective tissue?
- Blood
- Fibrinogen
- Hemoglobin
- Basophils
Blood
Which of these is a class of plasma proteins?
- Albumins
- Gamma Globulins
- Procoagulants
- All of the above
All of the above
What function does erythrocytes carry out?
- Contains clotting factors
- Transport O2 to tissues
- Protect against pathogens
- Phagocytize bacteria
Transport O2 to tissues
Which of the following does not produce WBC’s ?
- Red Bone Marrow
- The spleen
- Lymph nodes
- All of the above
Lymph nodes
Which leukocyte is incorrectly matched to its function?
- Neutrophils: Numbers rise in response to bacterial infections
- Lymphocytes: Destruction of cancer cells
- Monocytes: Transform into macrophages
- Eosinophil: Produces heparin
Eosinophil: Produces heparin
What organ produces the majority of the body’s erythropoietin? Slide 40
- Kidneys
- Liver
- Spleen
- Red Bone Marrow
Kidneys
What part of the heart receives deoxygenated blood?
- Left atrium
- Inferior Vena Cava
- Right atrium
- Aorta
Right atrium
What lines the interior of the walls of the ventricle?
- Trabeculae Carneae
- Pectinate Muscles
- Coronary Sulcus
- All of the above
Trabeculae Carneae
Which of these is matched to the incorrect attribute?
- Endocardium lines the interior of the heart chambers
- Myocardium encloses the heart in double walled sac
- Epicardium forms layer over heart surface, on outside of heart
- Pericardial fluid is present in pericardial activity
Myocardium encloses the heart in double walled sac
What is the term for the flap that seals the foramen ovale?
- Ductus arteriosus
- Patent foramen ovale
- Ligamentum arteriosum
- Fossa ovalis
Fossa ovalis
What is another name for Chordae Tendineae?
- Papillary Muscles
- Tendinous cords
- Trabeculae Carnae
- Valves
Tendinous cords
To get from left atrium to left ventricle, blood flows through which valve? Another term for this valve is the …
- Bicuspid, Mitral valve
- Tricuspid valve, right atrioventricular valve
- Bicuspid valve, Right atrioventricular valve
- Pulmonary valve, aortic valve
Bicuspid, Mitral valve
