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Anatomy Lecture > FINAL STUDY GUIDE REVIEW QUESTIONS > Flashcards

FINAL STUDY GUIDE REVIEW QUESTIONS Flashcards

1
Q

Connective tissue and epithelial tissue can both be found in the stomach, but only connective tissue is found in the kidneys.
- True
- False

A

False

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2
Q

Which of these is false?
- Urothelium is a type of stratified epithelium
- It consists of only 1 layer of cells
- It is named according to its shape on the surface level

A

It consists of only 1 layer of cells

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3
Q

Which of the following terms is correctly paired with its’ definition
- Hyperplasia: Involuntary muscle spasms
- Neoplasia: Cells grow in number
- Dysplasia: Programmed cell death
- Hypertrophy: Cells grow in size

A

Hypertrophy: Cells grow in size

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4
Q

Which is false about hyaline cartilage?
- Covers ends of adjoining bones
- Is replaced by bone
- Lines medullary cavity

A

Lines medullary cavity

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5
Q

Bones, Ligaments, and Cartilage are ALL part of the skeletal system
- True
- False

A

True

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6
Q

Appositional bone growth is growth lengthwise
- True
- False

A

False

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7
Q

Which of the following qualities are true of the mandible?
- It is a diarthroses
- It is the only body part capable of medial excursion
- It is the only body part capable of lateral excursion
- It is the only body part capable of BOTH medial and lateral excursion
- All of these
- None of these

A

All of these

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8
Q

Which of these is not an example of a symphysis?
- Joint between R and L pubic bones
- Joint between vertebral discs
- Joints between bones in skull

A

Joints between bones in skull

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9
Q

The pubis and ischium are united by a synchondrosis
- True
- False

A

False

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10
Q

What is not a characteristic of a mechanical advantage (MA)?
- Lever produces more force (strength), but less speed or distance
- Lever produces more strength, and more speed and distance
- Lever produces more speed or distance, but less force (strength)
- Dever produces less strength, and less speed or distance

A

Lever produces more strength, and more speed and distance

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11
Q

All of the following regarding the mechanical advantage of a lever are true except:
- If MA is less than 1.0, the lever produces more force than the input, but less speed or distance
- The ratio of its output force to its input force
- It is equal to the length of the effort arm divided by the length of the resistance arm
- All of these are true

A

If MA is less than 1.0, the lever produces more force than the input, but less speed or distance

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12
Q

Indirect attachment is when muscle ends abruptly short of its bony destination
- True
- False

A

True

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13
Q

Astrocytes are glial cells that destroy microorganisms in the CNS
- True
- False

A

True

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14
Q

What is the most common type of neurons?
- Motor neurons
- Sensory Neurons
- Interneurons
- Structurally based neurons

A

Motor neurons

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15
Q

Which of the following are functions of interneurons?
- Receive signals for many other neurons
- Carry out the integrative functions of the nervous system
- Decides how the body responds to stimuli
- All of these
- None of these

A

All of these

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16
Q

Which structure does not ensure blood flow to spinal nerves?
- Epineurium
- Perineurium
- Endoneurium
- Somatic fibers

A

Somatic fibers

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17
Q

Which of the following statements regarding the Phrenic nerve is false?
- Receives innervation from the cervical plexus
- Travels down each side of the mediastinal
- The most important nerve within the cervical plexus (C1-C5)
- Innervated the diaphragm
- None of these

A

None of these

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18
Q

What group of nerves is in the shoulder?
- Coccygeal plexus
- Brachial plexus
- Sacral plexus
- Cervical plexus

A

Brachial Plexus

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19
Q

While sleeping, the temporal lobe instinctively blocks noises from reaching your auditory cortex
- True
- False

A

False

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20
Q

What is the hypothalamus a part of?
- Mesencephalon
- Corpus callosum
- Diencephalon

A

Diencephalon

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21
Q

All of the following statements are true except:
- Ependymal cells cover the ventricles and the canals of the brain and spinal cord
- Astrocytes form the blood-CSF barrier
- Ependymal cells are held together by tight junctions in the blood-CSF barrier
- Astrocytes stimulate the formation of tight junctions between endothelial cells
- All of these are true

A

Astrocytes form the blood-CSF barrier

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22
Q

Which of these is an effect of the sympathetic nervous system?
- Elevated heart rate
- Reduced energy expenditure
- Waste elimination

A

Elevated heart rate

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23
Q

It is possible for two organs to have different responses to the same stimulating neurotransmitter
- True
- False

A

True

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24
Q

Which of these is not a characteristic of the parasympathetic division?
- Also called craniosacral division
- Fibers travel in cranial and spinal nerves
- Have long preganglionic and short postganglionic fibers
- Long preganglionic fibers does not end in terminal ganglia

A

Long preganglionic fibers does not end in terminal ganglia

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25
Q

The components of the middle ear make it impossible for a throat infection to spread to the ear
- True
- False

A

False

26
Q

What is true about the auditory tube?
- Passageway the connects nasopharynx to middle ear
- Located in tympanic membrane
- Is a component of outer ear
- Is a component of inner ear

A

Passageway that connects nasopharynx to middle ear

27
Q

Explain the different chambers of the eye with regards to gross and functional anatomy. Which statement is true?
- The vitreous humor keeps the posterior portion of the eyeball from collapsing
- Glaucoma is an interference with the reabsorption of aqueous humor or fluid
- The posterior chamber is located between the iris and the lens
- All of these
- None of these

A

All of these

28
Q

Which of these is not produced by the same part of the body?
- Growth hormone releasing hormone
- Growth hormone inhibiting hormone
- Prolactin inhibiting hormone
- Thyrotropin releasing hormone
- Insulin

A

Insulin

29
Q

Which is true regarding insulin and glucagon?
- Insulin is secreted by alpha cells and raises blood glucose
- Glucagon is secreted by alpha cells and lowers blood glucose
- Insulin is secreted by beta cells and lowers blood glucose
- Glucagon is secreted by beta cells and raises blood glucose
- None of these

A

Glucagon is secreted by alpha cells and lowers blood glucose

30
Q

Oxytocin is produced in the hypothalamus?
- True
- False

A

True

31
Q

Which statement is true?
- Bone marrow destroys and disposes of old erythrocytes
- The Lungs destroys and disposes of old erythrocytes
- The stomach destroys and disposes of old erythrocytes
- None of these

A

None of these

32
Q

Which of these does not make up blood plasma?
- Water
- Electrolytes
- Agglutinins
- Red blood cells

A

Red blood cells

33
Q

All of the following are functions of eosinophils except:
- Diminish effects of allergies
- They phagocytize antigen-antibody complexes
- they produces histamine in response to inflammation
- Increase in numbers to respond to parasites
- All of these functions are eosinophils

A

they produce histamine in response to inflammation

34
Q

The visceral pericardium adheres to the hearts surface and forms the outermost layer
- True
- False

A

True

35
Q

In fetal circulation, blood flow from the aortic arch into the lungs is a result of what?
- Thin and flaccid walls of the heart
- Heart contractions, causing the death of myocytes
- Failure of the ductus arteriosus to close
- The fossa ovalis does not form
- None of these would result in blood flowing into the lungs from the aortic arch

A

Failure of the ductus arteriosus to close

36
Q

Where does blood pumped by the right ventricle go?
- Pulmonary arteries
- right atrium
- pulmonary veins
- aorta

A

pulmonary arteries

37
Q

The thoracic duct drains lymph from which of the following?
- The thorax
- the lumbar truck
- the left upper limb
- All of these
- None of these

A

The thorax

38
Q

Where do helper T cells mature?
- Liver
- Thymus
- Kidneys
- Bone marrow

A

thymus

39
Q

Which statement is true?
- B and T lymphocytes begin development as pluripotent stem cells in red bone marrow
- B and T lymphocytes are involved in innate defense
- B and T lymphocytes develop antigen receptors on their surfaces
- B and T cells that react against the body’s own tissue are pruned through the process of negative selection
- All of these
- None of these

A

All of these

40
Q

Where are lymph nodes least likely to be found?
- Abdominal region
- Carpal region
- Inguinal region
- Axillary region

A

Carpal region

41
Q

What two lymphatics empty into subclavian veins?
- Right lymphatic duct & thoracic duct
- right jugular & intestinal
- right lumbar & right intercostal
- All of these empty into subclavian veins
- None of these empty into subclavian veins

A

Right lymphatic duct & thoracic duct

42
Q

Which is false about lymph nodes?
- Filters lymph as it flows
- Contains both afferent and efferent vessels
- Lymph only flows through one lymph node to be filtered

A

lymph only flows through one lymph node to be filtered

43
Q

Which tissue type allows for rapid diffusion of O2 and CO2 through the alveoli air sacs of the lungs?
- Simple columnar epithelium
- Simple cuboidal epithelium
- Simple squamous epithelium
- Stratified squamous epithelium
- Urothelium

A

Simple squamous epithelium

44
Q

What do great alveolar cells do?
- Keep alveoli free of debris
- Produce pulmonary sulfactant
- Allows for rapid gas exchange between alveolus and bloodstream

A

produce pulmonary sulfactant

45
Q

The respiratory bronchioles are the largest air passage the engages in gas exchange with blood
- True
- False

A

True

46
Q

Which organ does not belong in the lower respiratory tract?
- Trachea
- Lungs
- Bronchi
- Pharynx

A

Pharynx

47
Q

The following laryngeal cartilage are paired except for:
- Arytenoid
- Cuneiform
- Corniculate
- Epiglottis
- All of these are paired

A

Epiglottis

48
Q

Where does the bronchiole tree extend to?
- From main bronchus to terminal bronchioles
- From main bronchus to lungs
- From main bronchus to alveoli

A

from main bronchus to terminal bronchioles

49
Q

The liver, pancreas, gallbladder, and esophagus are all accessory organs of the digestive system
- True
- False

A

False

50
Q

Submucosa contains esophageal glands which secrete lubricating mucus
- True
- False

A

True

51
Q

Infants have ___ deciduous teeth, whereas adults have ___ permanent teeth
- 20;32
- 16;20
- 28;20
- 32;20
- 32;32

A

20;32

52
Q

What is the upper one-third of the esophagus made out of?
- smooth muscle
- skeletal muscle
- skeletal and smooth muscle

A

skeletal muscle

53
Q

Which statement is true?
- When the stomach is empty its’ layers fold into wrinkles called ‘gastric rugae’
- The stomach is a muscular sac in the upper left abdominal cavity immediately inferior the diaphragm
- The parietal cells and the chief cells are examples of cell types found in the gastric glands
- There are cardial and pyloric glands in the cardial and pyloric parts of the stomach
- All of these
- none of these

A

All of these

54
Q

What is produced in the liver and stored in the gallbladder?
- Blood
- Lymph
- Taenia
- Bile

A

Bile

55
Q

The kidneys are medial to the aorta
- True
- False

A

False

56
Q

Which is false about juxtamedullary nephrons?
- Located beneath the renal capsule
- efferent arterioles descend into medulla
- carry water away
- reabsorb solutes

A

Located beneath the renal capsule

57
Q

Each kidney contains over 1 million functional units known as the Renal pyramids
- True
- False

A

False

58
Q

Where is the trigone located?
- Urethra
- Ureters
- Urinary bladder

A

Urinary bladder

59
Q

Which statement regarding renal circulation is true?
- Veins travel parallel to the arteries and there are segmental veins
- Veins travel perpendicular to the arteries and there are segmental veins
Veins travel parallel to the arteries and there are no segmental veins
- Veins travel perpendicular to the arteries and there are no segmental veins

A

Veins travel parallel to the arteries and there are no segmental veins

60
Q

Which of these is excreted by kidneys when functioning normally?
- Blood
- Nitrogenous waste
- Tears
- Bile

A

Nitrogenous waste

Anatomy Lecture (11 decks)

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