FINAL STUDY GUIDE REVIEW QUESTIONS Flashcards
Connective tissue and epithelial tissue can both be found in the stomach, but only connective tissue is found in the kidneys.
- True
- False
False
Which of these is false?
- Urothelium is a type of stratified epithelium
- It consists of only 1 layer of cells
- It is named according to its shape on the surface level
It consists of only 1 layer of cells
Which of the following terms is correctly paired with its’ definition
- Hyperplasia: Involuntary muscle spasms
- Neoplasia: Cells grow in number
- Dysplasia: Programmed cell death
- Hypertrophy: Cells grow in size
Hypertrophy: Cells grow in size
Which is false about hyaline cartilage?
- Covers ends of adjoining bones
- Is replaced by bone
- Lines medullary cavity
Lines medullary cavity
Bones, Ligaments, and Cartilage are ALL part of the skeletal system
- True
- False
True
Appositional bone growth is growth lengthwise
- True
- False
False
Which of the following qualities are true of the mandible?
- It is a diarthroses
- It is the only body part capable of medial excursion
- It is the only body part capable of lateral excursion
- It is the only body part capable of BOTH medial and lateral excursion
- All of these
- None of these
All of these
Which of these is not an example of a symphysis?
- Joint between R and L pubic bones
- Joint between vertebral discs
- Joints between bones in skull
Joints between bones in skull
The pubis and ischium are united by a synchondrosis
- True
- False
False
What is not a characteristic of a mechanical advantage (MA)?
- Lever produces more force (strength), but less speed or distance
- Lever produces more strength, and more speed and distance
- Lever produces more speed or distance, but less force (strength)
- Dever produces less strength, and less speed or distance
Lever produces more strength, and more speed and distance
All of the following regarding the mechanical advantage of a lever are true except:
- If MA is less than 1.0, the lever produces more force than the input, but less speed or distance
- The ratio of its output force to its input force
- It is equal to the length of the effort arm divided by the length of the resistance arm
- All of these are true
If MA is less than 1.0, the lever produces more force than the input, but less speed or distance
Indirect attachment is when muscle ends abruptly short of its bony destination
- True
- False
True
Astrocytes are glial cells that destroy microorganisms in the CNS
- True
- False
True
What is the most common type of neurons?
- Motor neurons
- Sensory Neurons
- Interneurons
- Structurally based neurons
Motor neurons
Which of the following are functions of interneurons?
- Receive signals for many other neurons
- Carry out the integrative functions of the nervous system
- Decides how the body responds to stimuli
- All of these
- None of these
All of these
Which structure does not ensure blood flow to spinal nerves?
- Epineurium
- Perineurium
- Endoneurium
- Somatic fibers
Somatic fibers
Which of the following statements regarding the Phrenic nerve is false?
- Receives innervation from the cervical plexus
- Travels down each side of the mediastinal
- The most important nerve within the cervical plexus (C1-C5)
- Innervated the diaphragm
- None of these
None of these
What group of nerves is in the shoulder?
- Coccygeal plexus
- Brachial plexus
- Sacral plexus
- Cervical plexus
Brachial Plexus
While sleeping, the temporal lobe instinctively blocks noises from reaching your auditory cortex
- True
- False
False
What is the hypothalamus a part of?
- Mesencephalon
- Corpus callosum
- Diencephalon
Diencephalon
All of the following statements are true except:
- Ependymal cells cover the ventricles and the canals of the brain and spinal cord
- Astrocytes form the blood-CSF barrier
- Ependymal cells are held together by tight junctions in the blood-CSF barrier
- Astrocytes stimulate the formation of tight junctions between endothelial cells
- All of these are true
Astrocytes form the blood-CSF barrier
Which of these is an effect of the sympathetic nervous system?
- Elevated heart rate
- Reduced energy expenditure
- Waste elimination
Elevated heart rate
It is possible for two organs to have different responses to the same stimulating neurotransmitter
- True
- False
True
Which of these is not a characteristic of the parasympathetic division?
- Also called craniosacral division
- Fibers travel in cranial and spinal nerves
- Have long preganglionic and short postganglionic fibers
- Long preganglionic fibers does not end in terminal ganglia
Long preganglionic fibers does not end in terminal ganglia
The components of the middle ear make it impossible for a throat infection to spread to the ear
- True
- False
False
What is true about the auditory tube?
- Passageway the connects nasopharynx to middle ear
- Located in tympanic membrane
- Is a component of outer ear
- Is a component of inner ear
Passageway that connects nasopharynx to middle ear
Explain the different chambers of the eye with regards to gross and functional anatomy. Which statement is true?
- The vitreous humor keeps the posterior portion of the eyeball from collapsing
- Glaucoma is an interference with the reabsorption of aqueous humor or fluid
- The posterior chamber is located between the iris and the lens
- All of these
- None of these
All of these
Which of these is not produced by the same part of the body?
- Growth hormone releasing hormone
- Growth hormone inhibiting hormone
- Prolactin inhibiting hormone
- Thyrotropin releasing hormone
- Insulin
Insulin
Which is true regarding insulin and glucagon?
- Insulin is secreted by alpha cells and raises blood glucose
- Glucagon is secreted by alpha cells and lowers blood glucose
- Insulin is secreted by beta cells and lowers blood glucose
- Glucagon is secreted by beta cells and raises blood glucose
- None of these
Glucagon is secreted by alpha cells and lowers blood glucose
Oxytocin is produced in the hypothalamus?
- True
- False
True
Which statement is true?
- Bone marrow destroys and disposes of old erythrocytes
- The Lungs destroys and disposes of old erythrocytes
- The stomach destroys and disposes of old erythrocytes
- None of these
None of these
Which of these does not make up blood plasma?
- Water
- Electrolytes
- Agglutinins
- Red blood cells
Red blood cells
All of the following are functions of eosinophils except:
- Diminish effects of allergies
- They phagocytize antigen-antibody complexes
- they produces histamine in response to inflammation
- Increase in numbers to respond to parasites
- All of these functions are eosinophils
they produce histamine in response to inflammation
The visceral pericardium adheres to the hearts surface and forms the outermost layer
- True
- False
True
In fetal circulation, blood flow from the aortic arch into the lungs is a result of what?
- Thin and flaccid walls of the heart
- Heart contractions, causing the death of myocytes
- Failure of the ductus arteriosus to close
- The fossa ovalis does not form
- None of these would result in blood flowing into the lungs from the aortic arch
Failure of the ductus arteriosus to close
Where does blood pumped by the right ventricle go?
- Pulmonary arteries
- right atrium
- pulmonary veins
- aorta
pulmonary arteries
The thoracic duct drains lymph from which of the following?
- The thorax
- the lumbar truck
- the left upper limb
- All of these
- None of these
The thorax
Where do helper T cells mature?
- Liver
- Thymus
- Kidneys
- Bone marrow
thymus
Which statement is true?
- B and T lymphocytes begin development as pluripotent stem cells in red bone marrow
- B and T lymphocytes are involved in innate defense
- B and T lymphocytes develop antigen receptors on their surfaces
- B and T cells that react against the body’s own tissue are pruned through the process of negative selection
- All of these
- None of these
All of these
Where are lymph nodes least likely to be found?
- Abdominal region
- Carpal region
- Inguinal region
- Axillary region
Carpal region
What two lymphatics empty into subclavian veins?
- Right lymphatic duct & thoracic duct
- right jugular & intestinal
- right lumbar & right intercostal
- All of these empty into subclavian veins
- None of these empty into subclavian veins
Right lymphatic duct & thoracic duct
Which is false about lymph nodes?
- Filters lymph as it flows
- Contains both afferent and efferent vessels
- Lymph only flows through one lymph node to be filtered
lymph only flows through one lymph node to be filtered
Which tissue type allows for rapid diffusion of O2 and CO2 through the alveoli air sacs of the lungs?
- Simple columnar epithelium
- Simple cuboidal epithelium
- Simple squamous epithelium
- Stratified squamous epithelium
- Urothelium
Simple squamous epithelium
What do great alveolar cells do?
- Keep alveoli free of debris
- Produce pulmonary sulfactant
- Allows for rapid gas exchange between alveolus and bloodstream
produce pulmonary sulfactant
The respiratory bronchioles are the largest air passage the engages in gas exchange with blood
- True
- False
True
Which organ does not belong in the lower respiratory tract?
- Trachea
- Lungs
- Bronchi
- Pharynx
Pharynx
The following laryngeal cartilage are paired except for:
- Arytenoid
- Cuneiform
- Corniculate
- Epiglottis
- All of these are paired
Epiglottis
Where does the bronchiole tree extend to?
- From main bronchus to terminal bronchioles
- From main bronchus to lungs
- From main bronchus to alveoli
from main bronchus to terminal bronchioles
The liver, pancreas, gallbladder, and esophagus are all accessory organs of the digestive system
- True
- False
False
Submucosa contains esophageal glands which secrete lubricating mucus
- True
- False
True
Infants have ___ deciduous teeth, whereas adults have ___ permanent teeth
- 20;32
- 16;20
- 28;20
- 32;20
- 32;32
20;32
What is the upper one-third of the esophagus made out of?
- smooth muscle
- skeletal muscle
- skeletal and smooth muscle
skeletal muscle
Which statement is true?
- When the stomach is empty its’ layers fold into wrinkles called ‘gastric rugae’
- The stomach is a muscular sac in the upper left abdominal cavity immediately inferior the diaphragm
- The parietal cells and the chief cells are examples of cell types found in the gastric glands
- There are cardial and pyloric glands in the cardial and pyloric parts of the stomach
- All of these
- none of these
All of these
What is produced in the liver and stored in the gallbladder?
- Blood
- Lymph
- Taenia
- Bile
Bile
The kidneys are medial to the aorta
- True
- False
False
Which is false about juxtamedullary nephrons?
- Located beneath the renal capsule
- efferent arterioles descend into medulla
- carry water away
- reabsorb solutes
Located beneath the renal capsule
Each kidney contains over 1 million functional units known as the Renal pyramids
- True
- False
False
Where is the trigone located?
- Urethra
- Ureters
- Urinary bladder
Urinary bladder
Which statement regarding renal circulation is true?
- Veins travel parallel to the arteries and there are segmental veins
- Veins travel perpendicular to the arteries and there are segmental veins
Veins travel parallel to the arteries and there are no segmental veins
- Veins travel perpendicular to the arteries and there are no segmental veins
Veins travel parallel to the arteries and there are no segmental veins
Which of these is excreted by kidneys when functioning normally?
- Blood
- Nitrogenous waste
- Tears
- Bile
Nitrogenous waste
