FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE Flashcards
(326 cards)
Define radiography
- It gives off harmful radiation
- The bone appears white and blocks off the radiation
- The air behind appears black because the radiation can go through it
- And organs appear grey
Contrast medium is used for visualization of hollow organs
Define CT scans
- This still uses radiation
- It uses X rays and a computer generates images of thin slices of the body like a coin
- The computer stacks a series of these images to construct a 3-D image of the body
- It is used to identify tumors, kidney stones, aneurysms, cerebral hemorrhages
DSR ( Dynamic Spatial Reconstructor) produces 3D video images
Define MRI
- There is no exposure to harmful radiation
- Another type of fMRI (functional moment to moment changes in physiology
- It does soft tissue visualization
- You lie in a tube a surround by a powerful electromagnet
Can identify ANYTHING
Define sonography
- No radiation
- Sonogram (obstetrics)
- Echocardiography (beating heart)
- It reflects the ultrasound waves
Second oldest and second widely used method
Define PET scans
- Used to assess the metabolic state of tissue and uses radiation
- It begins with an injection of radioisotopes into patients bloodstream labeled as glucose
- The glucose produces a color image that shows which tissues were using the most glucose
- Damaged tissue consumes little or no glucose and appears dark
- Shows tissue death from heart attack
- It is an example of nuclear medicine use of radioisotopes
What structures are in the axial region?
Head, Neck, Trunk
What structures are in the appendicular region?
Upper limbs, lower limbs, and all the girdles
Where is the epigastric region located?
The upper middle part of the body (stomach)
Where is the Ubmilical region located?
The middle part of the body (the region of the belly button and small intestine)
Where is the hypogastric region located?
The lower middle part of the body (where the reproductive structures are)
Where are the right and left hypochondriac regions located?
Top lateral areas on the trunk area
Where are the left and right lumbar regions located?
middle lateral areas on the trunk area
Where are the left and right Inguinal regions located?
Bottom lateral areas on the trunk area
What are the 2 cavities in the trunk called? And where are they located?
Thoracic cavity (superior part of the trunk)
Abdominopelvic cavity (the inferior part of the trunk
What are the 2 cavities in the Abdominopelvic cavity called? What organs do they contain?
Abdominal cavity (digestive organs, spleen, kidneys ureters)
Pelvic cavity (Distal large intestine, urinary bladder, urethra, reproductive organs)
What is the serous membrane peritoneum and where is it located in the body?
It lines the abdominal cavity and covers the organs in the cavity. It is located in the abdominal cavity
What is the serous membrane Pleura and where is it located in the body?
It surrounds the lungs. It is located in the thoracic cavity
What is the serous membrane Pericardium and where is it located in the body?
It surrounds the heart. It is located in the thoracic cavity
What is the difference between intraperitoneal and retroperitoneal?
Intraperitoneal (the whole organ is covered in peritoneum)
Retroperitoneal (only one side of the organ is covered by peritoneum)
What is the difference between visceral serous membranes and parietal serous membranes?
Visceral (The inner membrane lining the body cavity and attaches to the organ directly)
Parietal (The outer membrane that lines the body cavity wall)
Define the characteristics of epithelial tissues
- held together by cell junctions
- no extracellular matrix
- It covers organs a surfaces and forms glands
- There for protections, secretion, and absorption
- It is avascular
Define the characteristics of connective tissue
- highly vascular
- it is the most abundant tissue in the body
- produce fibers (fibroblasts)
- eat bacteria and debris (macrophages
- Are white blood cells (Leukocytes)
- Produce antibodies (Plasma cells)
- Secrete heparin and Histamine (mast cells)
- have fat cells (adipocytes)
Define the characteristics of muscle tissue
- It contracts and shortens
- It conducts or impulses
- very little extracellular matrix
Define the characteristics of nervous tissue
- It is specialized for communication via electrical and chemical signal
- Neurons (detect stimuli respond quickly and transmit info
- Glial cells (supports the neurons)s