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Clinical Bacteriology (Prelim) > (Lecture) Specimen Processing > Flashcards

(Lecture) Specimen Processing Flashcards

1
Q

Notations from the macroscopic observation should include the following:

A

Swab or Aspirate
Blood or Mucus present
Volume of Specimen
Fluid

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2
Q

_____ may be indicated if gas, foul smell, or sulfur granules are present.

A

Anaerobic Cultures

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3
Q

Microscopic observation serves several purposes. What are those purposes?

A
  1. It can be used to determine the quality of the specimen.
  2. It can give the microbiology technologist and the physician an indication of the infectious process involved.
  3. The routine culture workup can be guided by the results of the smear.
  4. It can dictate the need for non-routine or additional testing.
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4
Q

List down the Types of Culture Media

A
  1. Non-selective Culture Media
  2. Selective Media
  3. Differential Media
  4. Enriched Media
  5. Broth Media
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5
Q

A Type of Media that support the growth of most non-fastidious microbes

A

Non-selective Media

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6
Q

The standard Non-selective Medium

A

Sheep Blood Agar

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7
Q

A Type of Media that support the growth of one type or group of microbes but not another.

A

Selective Media

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8
Q

A Selective Medium may contain inhibitory substances such as:

A

Antimicrobials
Dyes
Alcohols

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9
Q

Selective Media for Enteric Gram-negative Bacilli

A

MacConkey Agar

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10
Q

Selective Media for Gram-positive organisms

A

Columbia Agar with Colistin and Nalidixic Acid

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11
Q

A Type of Media that allows grouping of microbes based on different characteristics demonstrated on the medium

A

Differential Media

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12
Q

A Type of Media that contains growth enhancers that are added to Non-selective agar to allow fastidious organisms to flourish

A

Enriched Media

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13
Q

An example of Enriched Media

A

Chocolate Agar

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14
Q

_____ is a liquid medium designed to encourage the growth of small numbers of a particular organisms while suppressing other flora present

A

Enrichment Broth

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15
Q

This is used to enhance the growth of group B streptococci

A

Todd Hewitt Broth with Colistin and Nalidixic Acid (LIM Broth)

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16
Q

A Type of Media that can be used as a supplement to agar plates to detect small numbers of most aerobes, anaerobes, and microaerophiles

A

Broth Media

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17
Q

An example of Supplemental Broth Media

A

Thioglycollate Broth

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18
Q

If the volume of fluid is greater than 1 mL, the specimen can be centrifuged for _____ at 3000x g

A

20 minutes

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19
Q

If the volume of fluid is greater than 1 mL, the specimen
can be centrifuged for 20 minutes at _____

A

3000x g

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20
Q

If the specimen consistency is thin enough to avoid filter clogging, filtration with a _____ unit can be performed.

A

Nalgene Filter

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21
Q

The specimen should be submitted on two swabs; one is used for the _____, and the other is for _____.

A

Culture Media
Direct Smear

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22
Q

Tissues can be prepared for culture by _____, in which the tissue is ground in a tissue grinder.

A

Homogenization

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23
Q

Growth in the first quadrant can be graded as _____, or light growth;

A

1+

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24
Q

Growth in the first quadrant can be graded as 1+, or _____;

A

Light Growth

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25
Growth in the second or third quadrant can be graded as 2+ to 3+, or _____
Moderate Growth
26
Growth in the third or fourth quadrant can be graded as _____, or heavy growth
4+
27
Urine specimens are inoculated using a _____.
Quantitative Isolation
28
Plates are inoculated using a _____ to deliver a specified volume.
Calibrated Loop
29
Most bacteria cultures are incubated at _____
35 to 37 degree Celsius
30
Some bacteria are _____ and require an increased concentration of CO2; this can be achieved by a candle jar, a CO2 incubator, jar, or bag.
Capnophiles
31
Some bacteria are capnophiles and require an increased concentration of CO2; this can be achieved by:
Candle Jar CO2 Incubator/Jar/Bag
32
_____ grow with reduced oxygen and increased CO2 and can be isolated using jars or bags.
Microaerophiles
33
Most routine bacterial cultures are held for _____
48 to 72 hours or 2 to 3 days
34
Cultures for anaerobes and broth cultures may be held for _____
5 to 7 days
35
If your sample is swab, there should be at least how many swabs?
2 swabs
36
“Thin” specimens of fluids such as _____, _____, and _____ should be dropped but not spread on the slide.
CSF Urine Transudates
37
Categories of Stains
1. Simple Stain 2. Differential Stain 3. Probe-mediated Stains
38
This Stain are directed toward coloring the forms and shapes present. What is this?
Simple Stain
39
This Stain are directed toward coloring specific components of the elements present. What is this?
Differential Stain
40
This Stain are directed specifically at identification of an organism. What is this?
Diagnostic Antibody or DNA Probe-mediated Stains
41
Four of the Stains should be available in the Microbiology Laboratory. What are the four Stains?
Gram Stain Acid-fast Stain Calcofluor White Rapid Modified Wright-Giemsa
42
Identify the Stain based on its application: - Bronchoalveolar lavages - Tzanck’s preparations - Samples with complex cellular backgrounds (visualizes bacteria, yeast, parasites, and viral inclusions)
Wright-Giemsa
43
Identify the Stain based on its application: - Flagella
Leifson
44
Identify the Stain based on its application: - Metachromatic granules of Corynebacterium diptheriae
Methylene blue
45
Identify the Stain based on its application: - Sediments for mycobacteria (concentrated smears) - Partial acid-fastness of Nocardia spp.
Ziehl-Neelsen
46
Identify the Stain based on its application: - Sediments for mycobacteria (concentrated smears, auramine, and rhodamine) - Preferred acid-fast stain
Fluorochrome
47
Identify the Stain based on its application: - Acid-fast stain modification of Ziehl-Neelsen method for Cryptosporidium and Cyclospora parasites in stool specimens
Kinyoun
48
Identify the Stain based on its application: - Bronchoalveolar fungi and some parasitic cysts - Differentiates them from background materials of similar morphology
Calcofluor white stain
49
Identify the Stain based on its application: - Routine stain for diagnostic area - Yeast differentiated from all other organisms
Gram Stain (Traditional)
50
Identify the Stain based on its application: - Provides same differential staining but enhances rednegative organisms by staining the background material green to gray-green.
Gram Stain (Enhanced)
51
Identify the Stain based on its application: - Used for specific identification of selected pathogens, such as Chlamydia trachomatis, Bordetella pertussis, Legionella pneumophila, herpes simplex virus, varicella-zoster virus, cytomegalovirus, adenovirus, and respiratory viruses
Antibody or DNA Probe Stains
52
Gram Stain was Was developed empirically by the Danish bacteriologist _____ in 1884
Hans Christian Gram
53
Was developed empirically by the Danish bacteriologist Hans Christian Gram in _____
1884
54
Crystal violet (hexamethyl-p-rosanaline chloride) to color all cells and background material a _____
Deep blue
55
Bacteria with thick cell walls containing _____ retain the crystal violet– iodine complex dye after decolorization and appear deep blue; they are grampositive bacteria.
Techoic acid
56
Bacteria with thick cell walls containing teichoic acid retain the _____ after decolorization and appear deep blue; they are grampositive bacteria.
Crystal violet-iodine complex dye
57
Bacteria with thick cell walls containing teichoic acid retain the crystal violet– iodine complex dye after decolorization and appear _____; they are grampositive bacteria.
Deep blue
58
Bacteria with thick cell walls containing teichoic acid retain the crystal violet– iodine complex dye after decolorization and appear deep blue; they are (gram-negative or gram-positive) bacteria.
Gram-positive
59
Other bacteria with thinner walls containing lipopolysaccharides do not retain the dye complex; they are (gram-positive or gram-negative) bacteria
Gram-negative
60
The _____ damages these thin lipid walls and allows the stain complex to wash out.
Alcohol-acetone Decolorizer
61
All unstained elements are subsequently counterstained _____ by safranin dye.
Red
62
All unstained elements are subsequently counterstained red by _____.
Safranin Dye
63
Gram-positive cocci in pairs:
Staphylococcus Streptococcus Enterococcus spp.
64
Gram-positive cocci in tetrads:
Micrococcus Staphylococcus Peptostreptococcus spp.
65
Gram-positive cocci in groups/clusters:
Staphylococcus Peptostreptococcus Stomatococcus spp.
66
Gram-positive cocci in chains:
Streptococcus and Peptostreptococcus spp.
67
Gram-positive cocci that are encapsulated:
Streptococcus pneumoniae Streptococcus pyogenes (rarely) Stomatococcus mucilaginosus
68
Gram-positive diplococci (lancet-shaped):
Streptococcus pneumoniae
69
Gram-negative diplococci Pathogenic:
Neisseria spp. and Moraxella catarrhalis
70
Small gram-positive bacilli:
Listeria monocytogenes and Corynebacterium spp
71
Medium gram-positive bacilli:
Lactobacillus and anaerobic bacilli
72
Large gram-positive bacilli:
Clostridium and Bacillus spp.
73
Diphtheroid gram-positive bacilli:

Clinical Bacteriology (Prelim) (17 decks)

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