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Kaitlyn BIO 201 > Lecture - Joints > Flashcards

Lecture - Joints Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Articulation

A

Joint

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2
Q

Arthrology

A

The study of joints

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3
Q

Arthritis

A

Inflammation of joints

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4
Q

Kinesiology

A

The study of muscoskeletal movements

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5
Q

What are the 3 primary types of joints?

A
  1. Fibrous joint / Synarthrosis 2. Cartilaginous joint / Amphiarthrosis 3. Synovial joint / Diarthrosis
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6
Q

Which type of joint has “no” movement?

A

Fibrous / Synarthrosis

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7
Q

Which type of synarthrosis connects the bones of the skull?

A

Suture

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8
Q

What type of joint is a gomphosis and what does it do?

A

Gomphosis is a synarthrosis that attaches a tooth to its socket, ex. teeth held in place by periodontal ligament

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9
Q

What is a syndesmosis?

A

A synarthrosis; a long collagenous fiber that connects bones that are relatively distant from each other (think: tibia to fibula, radius to ulna)

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10
Q

The ribs attachment to the sternum is an example of what kind of amphiarthrosis?

A

Synchondrosis - bound by hyaline cartilage

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11
Q

What kind of joint has slight movement?

A

Cartilaginous Joint / Amphiarthrosis (think: chest compressions)

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12
Q

In a symphasis (cartilaginous joint) what tissue joins the bones?

A

Fibrocartilage (think: pubic symphasis)

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13
Q

What kind of joint has limited or free movement?

A

Synovial joint / Diarthrosis (think: shoulder, elbow, hips)

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14
Q

What 4 features are characteristic of a synovial joint?

A
  1. Articular cartilage - hyaline cartilage (2-3 mm) covering the end of bones to provide a smooth surface 2. Fibrous capsule - on the outside of the joint cavity, continuous with periosteum of the bones 3. Joint cavity - space between bones 4. Synovial membrane - produces synovial fluid
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15
Q

What is a tendon?

A

Connective tissue (fascia) inside muscles which attaches to the bones

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16
Q

What is the name for dense regular tissue that connects bone-to-bone and stabilizes the joint?

A

Ligament

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17
Q

A pad of fibrocartilage growing inward from the joint capsule in the synovial joint, absorbs shock and pressure, improves the fit between bones, and stabilizes the joint to prevent dislocation

A

Meniscus

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18
Q

What is the name for a fibrous sac filled with synovial fluid?

A

Bursa

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19
Q

Where are bursae located?

A

Where a tendon passes over a bone, it helps the tendon to pass more easily over the bone, also lie between muscles and help cushion the muscles

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20
Q

Which 3 bones connect at the knee? Which fourth bone covers the knee?

A

3 - tibia, fibula, femur Covered by patella (knee cap)

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21
Q

What are the 2 c-shaped cartilages that absorb shock in the knee?

A

The lateral and medial menisci

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22
Q

Which ligament attaches to the anterior tibia and protects against injuries that cause hyperextension of the knee?

A

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)

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23
Q

Describe the Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL)

A

It attaches to the posterior tibia and protects against dislocation involving the femur sliding forward or the tibia sliding backward

24
Q

Which ligaments protect from rotation of the knee when the leg is extended?

A

The lateral and medial collateral ligaments

25
Q

How many bursae does the knee have?

A

13 - including infrapatellar and popliteal bursae

26
Q

What muscles cross the knee?

A

Quads, hamstrings (3), and sartorius

27
Q

Which type of arthritis is wear and tear?

A

Osteoarthritis - older people, unilateral, hips, shoulders, elbows, knees, loss of articular cartilage

28
Q

Which type of arthritis is an autoimmune disease?

A

Rheumatoid arthritis - attack of synovial membrane, females 28-32, bilateral, hands, feet, wrist, loss of synovial fluid

29
Q

What kind of arthritis is triggered by the formation of uric acid crystals in the joints and is possibly linked to excess meat in the diet?

A

Gouty arthritis - causes swelling of the big toe

30
Q
A

Neck flexion

31
Q
A

Foot dorsiflexion

32
Q
A

Foot eversion

33
Q
A

Foot inversion

34
Q
A

Foot Plantar Flexion

35
Q
A

Hip Abduction

36
Q
A

Hip adduction

37
Q
A

Hip circumduction

38
Q
A

hip extension

39
Q
A

Hip Flexion

40
Q
A

Hip internal rotation

41
Q
A

Knee extension

42
Q
A

knee flexion

43
Q
A

neck hyperextension

44
Q
A

Neck lateral flexion

45
Q
A

Neck rotation

46
Q
A

Shoulder abduction

47
Q
A

Shoulder adduction

48
Q
A

Shoulder circumduction

49
Q
A

Shoulder extension

50
Q
A

Shoulder external rotation

51
Q
A

Shoulder flexion

52
Q
A

Shoulder internal rotation

53
Q
A

Trunk extension

54
Q
A

Trunk flexion

55
Q
A

Trunk lateral flexion

56
Q
A

Trunk rotation

Kaitlyn BIO 201 (22 decks)

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