Lecture - Joints Flashcards
Articulation
Joint
Arthrology
The study of joints
Arthritis
Inflammation of joints
Kinesiology
The study of muscoskeletal movements
What are the 3 primary types of joints?
- Fibrous joint / Synarthrosis 2. Cartilaginous joint / Amphiarthrosis 3. Synovial joint / Diarthrosis
Which type of joint has “no” movement?
Fibrous / Synarthrosis
Which type of synarthrosis connects the bones of the skull?
Suture
What type of joint is a gomphosis and what does it do?
Gomphosis is a synarthrosis that attaches a tooth to its socket, ex. teeth held in place by periodontal ligament
What is a syndesmosis?
A synarthrosis; a long collagenous fiber that connects bones that are relatively distant from each other (think: tibia to fibula, radius to ulna)
The ribs attachment to the sternum is an example of what kind of amphiarthrosis?
Synchondrosis - bound by hyaline cartilage
What kind of joint has slight movement?
Cartilaginous Joint / Amphiarthrosis (think: chest compressions)
In a symphasis (cartilaginous joint) what tissue joins the bones?
Fibrocartilage (think: pubic symphasis)
What kind of joint has limited or free movement?
Synovial joint / Diarthrosis (think: shoulder, elbow, hips)
What 4 features are characteristic of a synovial joint?
- Articular cartilage - hyaline cartilage (2-3 mm) covering the end of bones to provide a smooth surface 2. Fibrous capsule - on the outside of the joint cavity, continuous with periosteum of the bones 3. Joint cavity - space between bones 4. Synovial membrane - produces synovial fluid
What is a tendon?
Connective tissue (fascia) inside muscles which attaches to the bones
What is the name for dense regular tissue that connects bone-to-bone and stabilizes the joint?
Ligament
A pad of fibrocartilage growing inward from the joint capsule in the synovial joint, absorbs shock and pressure, improves the fit between bones, and stabilizes the joint to prevent dislocation
Meniscus
What is the name for a fibrous sac filled with synovial fluid?
Bursa
Where are bursae located?
Where a tendon passes over a bone, it helps the tendon to pass more easily over the bone, also lie between muscles and help cushion the muscles
Which 3 bones connect at the knee? Which fourth bone covers the knee?
3 - tibia, fibula, femur Covered by patella (knee cap)
What are the 2 c-shaped cartilages that absorb shock in the knee?
The lateral and medial menisci
Which ligament attaches to the anterior tibia and protects against injuries that cause hyperextension of the knee?
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)
Describe the Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL)
It attaches to the posterior tibia and protects against dislocation involving the femur sliding forward or the tibia sliding backward
Which ligaments protect from rotation of the knee when the leg is extended?
The lateral and medial collateral ligaments
How many bursae does the knee have?
13 - including infrapatellar and popliteal bursae
What muscles cross the knee?
Quads, hamstrings (3), and sartorius
Which type of arthritis is wear and tear?
Osteoarthritis - older people, unilateral, hips, shoulders, elbows, knees, loss of articular cartilage
Which type of arthritis is an autoimmune disease?
Rheumatoid arthritis - attack of synovial membrane, females 28-32, bilateral, hands, feet, wrist, loss of synovial fluid
What kind of arthritis is triggered by the formation of uric acid crystals in the joints and is possibly linked to excess meat in the diet?
Gouty arthritis - causes swelling of the big toe
Neck flexion
Foot dorsiflexion
Foot eversion
Foot inversion
Foot Plantar Flexion
Hip Abduction
Hip adduction
Hip circumduction
hip extension
Hip Flexion
Hip internal rotation
Knee extension
knee flexion
neck hyperextension
Neck lateral flexion
Neck rotation
Shoulder abduction
Shoulder adduction
Shoulder circumduction
Shoulder extension
Shoulder external rotation
Shoulder flexion
Shoulder internal rotation
Trunk extension
Trunk flexion
Trunk lateral flexion
Trunk rotation
