Histology: Structure, Function, Location Flashcards
Simple squamous epithelium
S: one later, fried egg looking cells
F: rapid diffusion and filtration
L: glomerulus of kidneys, blood vessel linings, mesothelium of body cavities
Simple columnar epithelium
S: single layer of long skinny cells with goblet cells interspersed
F: absorption, secretion, movement of particles
L: digestive tract from end of stomach to intestines, bronchioles
Simple cuboidal epithelium
S: single later of cube shaped cells
F: secretion and absorption
L: tubules of kidneys, glands, ducts
Pseudostratified columnar epithelium
S: Can look stratified because every cell touches basement membrane but not all reach the free space. But still only one layer of columnar cells. Will ALWAYS have cilia
F: secretion, absorption, capture of foreign substances
L: trachea, nasal cavity, sinus lining
Stratified squamous epithelium
S: múltiple layers of squamous cells
F: protection against abrasion and infection, reduce water loss
L: epidermis, mouth, throat, larynx, anus, vagina
Stratified columnar epithelium
S: múltiple layers of tall thin cells, will be ciliated in larynx
F: protection, secretion
L: larynx, mammary gland ducts
Stratified cuboidal epithelium
S: múltiple layers of cube shaped cells
F: secretion, absorption, protection
L: sweat and salivary gland ducts
Transitional epithelium
S: changes shape when stretched versus unstretched. Dome or cube shaped when not stretched, flatter when stretched
F: stretch
L: bladder, ureters
Skeletal muscle
S: striated, non branching, long skinny closely packed cells, nucleus near periphery
F: voluntary movement
L: attached to skeleton
Smooth muscle
S: unstriated, long skinny closely packed cells
F: involuntary movement
L: hollow organs of digestive system, uterus
Cardiac muscle
S: branching, striated, long skinny closely packed cells with gap junctions and intercalated discs Involuntary
F: pump blood through heart
L: heart
Nervous tissue
S: star shaped cells
F: transmission of nerve impulses
L: brain, spinal cord, nerves
Loose areolar connective tissue
S: fibroblasts, macrophages, and lymphocytes in a network of collagen, elastic, and reticular fibers. Can merge with dense connective tissue
F: loose packing, support, nourishment for associated structures
L: under epithelial basement membranes, packing between glands, muscles, and nerves. Lamina propria of mucous membranes
Loose adipose connective tissue
S: adiposecytes with little extra cellular matrix, cytoplasm at periphery
F: packing, insulation, energy storage, organ protection
L: subcutaneous areas, around kidneys, in mammary glands
Reticular connective tissue
S: irregularly arranged reticular fibers with leukocytes and macrophages interspersed
F: superstructure for lymphatic and hemopoietic tissues
L: within lymph nodes, spleen, bone marrow
Dense irregular collagenous CT
S: collagen fibers that run in all directions or alternating planes, looks like swirling tissue islands. Attached to epithelium
F: strength and stretching in all directions
L: dermis of skin
Dense irregular elastic CT
S: bundles and sheets of collagenous and elastic fibers going in many directions. (Permed hair)
F: strength and stretching
L: elastic arteries
Dense regular collagenous CT
S: collagen fibers running in the same direction, long skinny nuclei
F: withstands great pulling force in direction of fibers, strength
L: tendons and ligaments
Dense regular elastic CT
S: regularly arranged collagen and elastic fibers
F: stretch and recoil like rubber band
L: vocal folds, ligaments between vertebrae
Hyaline cartilage
S: small collagen fibers dispersed in matrix, matrix looks transparent and is firm but flexible. Chondrocytes found in lacunae
F: growth of long bones, rigidity with flexibility, forms embryonic skeleton
L: growing long bones, embryonic skeleton, costal cartilage, trachea, nose
Elastic cartilage
S: similar to hyaline but matrix also has elastic fibers. Still has chondrocytes in lacunae
F: rigid, but more flexible than hyaline. Returns to original shape after stretching
L: Ears and epiglottis
Fibrocartilage
S: has collagen fibers arranged in thick bundles. Chondrocytes in lacunae
F: semi-flexible and can withstand great pressure, connects structures in high pressure areas
L: intervertebral discs, articular discs (knees and jaw)
Bone
S: hard bony matrix arranged in rings (lamellae) around a central canal
F: great strength and support
L: outer portion of all bones and shaft of long bones
Blood
S: blood cells in a fluid matrix
F: transport oxygen, carbon dioxide, hormones , waste. Protect from infection, regulate temperature.
L: within blood vessels. WBCs Can enter interstitial spaces
