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Kaitlyn BIO 201 > Lab Practical 1 > Flashcards

Lab Practical 1 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are blood types named for?

A

Antigens

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2
Q

Antigen

A

Protein marker that identifies cell as self or not-self

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3
Q

Antibody

A

immune protein that targets and destroys foreign cells

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4
Q

What is the clumping of blood cells called?

A

Agglutination

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5
Q

What is the destruction of blood?

A

Hemolysis

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6
Q

What blood types can A blood receive?

A

A and O

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7
Q

What blood types can B blood receive?

A

B and O

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8
Q

What blood types can AB blood receive?

A

A, B, AB, and O

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9
Q

What blood types can O blood receive?

A

O

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10
Q

To what blood types can O blood be given?

A

All

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11
Q

What determines if blood is negative or positive?

A

Presence of Rh/D

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12
Q

If Rh is present in blood, what is it?

A

Positive

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13
Q

Which bloods contain anti-B antibodies?

A

A and O

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14
Q

Which blood type has no antibodies?

A

AB

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15
Q

Which blood type has anti-A antibody?

A

B and O

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16
Q

If there is agglutination in the A-field of a blood-type kit, what kind of blood is it?

A

A-

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17
Q

Agglutination in the A, B, and D fields would indicate which blood type?

A

AB+

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18
Q

Is type O blood an ideal donor for type A blood?

A

No, but it will work in a pinch

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19
Q

In blood pressure, what is the top number called?

A

Systolic

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20
Q

In blood pressure, what is the bottom number called?

A

Diastolic

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21
Q

To what does systolic blood pressure correspond?

A

The pressure of blood hitting the wall of the artery during ventricular contraction

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22
Q

To what does diastolic blood pressure correspond?

A

The pressure of blood hitting the wall of the artery during ventricular relaxation

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23
Q

To which artery do we typically listen when taking blood pressure?

A

Brachial

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24
Q

When we measure blood pressure, we are working with the pressure of blood after it is ejected from which ventricle?

A

The left ventricle

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25
Q

What is the term for high blood pressure?

A

Hypertension

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26
Q

What numerical value qualifies someone for a hypertension diagnosis?

A

140/90

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27
Q

How many times does blood pressure need to be at or over 140/90 for a hypertension diagnosis to be made?

A

At least 3 times on 3 separate occasions

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28
Q

What is hypotension?

A

Low blood pressure

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29
Q

What is the name of the blood pressure cuff?

A

Sphygmomanometer

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30
Q

What is the device used to listen to heart sounds?

A

Stethoscope

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31
Q

Where should you hear silence when taking a blood pressure?

A

Around 140

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32
Q

On which arm should a blood pressure reading be taken?

A

Non-dominant

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33
Q

Seven locations we can determine pulse rate

A
  1. Brachial artery 2. Carotid artery 3. Radial artery 4. Femoral artery 5. Axillary artery 6. Superficial temporal artery 7. Dorsalis pedis artery
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34
Q

Why is the LUBB louder in the LUBB-dupp heart sound?

A

The LUBB corresponds to the closure of the AV valves (tricuspid and bicuspid)

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35
Q

What is the normal range of blood pressure readings?

A

120/80 - 140/90

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36
Q

In the PhysioEx experiment, what was the name of the U-shaped tube and syringe apparatus?

A

Respirometer-manometer apparatrus

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37
Q

In PhysEx, what was the function of the manometer?

A

Fluid rose on left side and fell on right as animal used available O2

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38
Q

What absorbed the CO2 in the PhysEx cage?

A

Soda Lime

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39
Q

Define metabolism

A

All biochemical reactions occurring in the body

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40
Q

If a PhysEx rat had its pituitary gland removed, it was called?

A

Hypophysectomized

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41
Q

If a PhysEx rat had its thyroid removed, what was it called?

A

Thyroidectomized

42
Q

What is the function of propylthiouracil?

A

To inhibit the production of thyroxine

43
Q

What is the name of organisms with fixed body temperatures?

A

Homeothermic

44
Q

Which blood cells carry oxygen from the lungs to the cells and tissues?

A

Erythrocytes

45
Q

Which blood cells are the most numerous?

A

Erythrocytes

46
Q

What is the function of neutrophils?

A

Phagocytize bacteria; first arrivers at scene of infection

47
Q

What is a marker of anemia found in neutrophils?

A

More than 5 lobes

48
Q

Which WBC is small with a nucleus that almost fills the cell?

A

Lymphocyte

49
Q

What are the two kinds of lymphocytes and what is their purpose?

A

T-cells: destroy cancer and viruses B-cells: equipped with antibodies that facilitate destruction of bacteria

50
Q

Which WBC is a precursor cell?

A

Monocyte

51
Q

What do Monocytes transform into?

A

Macrophages - phagocytize bacteria and lung debris

52
Q

Which WBC are covered in red granules and what is their function?

A

Eosinophils; secrete enzymes that destroy worms and parasites

53
Q

Which WBC contains histamine?

A

Basophil

54
Q

When is histamine released?

A

When inflammation is present

55
Q

List the 5 WBC from least to most common

A
  1. Basophil 2. Eosinophil 3. Monocyte 4. Lymphocyte 5. Neutrophil
56
Q

What is a pneumonic for remembering WBC frequency from most to least common?

A

Never let monkeys eat bananas (Neutrophil, Lymphocyte, Monocyte, Eosinophil, Basophil)

57
Q
A

Basophil

histamine for inflammation

58
Q
A

Eosinophil

Destroy worms and parasites

59
Q
A
60
Q
A

Lymphocyte

Destroy cancer, viruses, bacteria

61
Q
A

Lymphocyte

62
Q
A

Monocyte

Transform to macrophage

63
Q
A

Monocyte

phagocytize lung bacteria and debris

64
Q
A

Neutrophil

Pagocytize bacteria

65
Q
A

Eosinophil

Destroy worms; bilobed nucleus

66
Q

What is the function of parafollicular cells?

A

Secrete calcitonin

67
Q

What is another name for parafollicular cells?

A

C cells

68
Q

Which zone of the adrenals secretes aldosterone?

A

Zona glomerulosa

69
Q

Which zone of the adrenals secretes cortisol?

A

Zona fasciculata

70
Q

Which zone of the adrenals secretes weak androgens?

A

Zona reticularis

71
Q

From where are epinephrine and norepinephrine secreted?

A

From the medulla of the adrenals

72
Q

What is the name of the pancreatic structure that pruduces digestive enzymes and bicarbonate?

A

Serous acini

73
Q

What are the three types of pancreatic islets?

A

Alpha, Beta, and Delta

74
Q

Which pancreatic islet secretes glucagon to raise blood sugar?

A

Alpha islet

75
Q

What do Beta islets secrete?

A

Insulin to lower blood sugar

76
Q

From where does somatostatin come?

A

From delta islets in the pancreas

77
Q

What inhibits growth hormone?

A

Somatostatin

78
Q
A
  1. Adrenal gland
  2. Medulla
  3. Zona Reticularis
  4. Zona Fasciculata
  5. Zona glomerulosa
79
Q

What is the name of the big, bubbly cells?

A

Follicles

80
Q

What is contained in the follicles of the thyroid cell?

A

Colloid gel

81
Q

What is the name of the little cells lining the follicle?

A

Thyroid

Follicular cells

82
Q

What is the name and function of the small clustered cells around the follicles?

A

Parfollicular cells (c cells) - Secrete calcitonin

83
Q

What tissue is this?

A

Pancreas

84
Q

What is the name of the splotches of lighter color?

A

Islets of the Pancreas

85
Q

What is the name and function of the top zone?

A

Zona glomerulosa - secrete aldosterone

86
Q

What is the name and function of the middle zone?

A

Zona fasciculata - secrete cortisol

87
Q

What is the name and fuction of the bottom zone?

A

Zona reticularis - secrete weak androgens

88
Q

Name structures 1-5

A
  1. Hypophysis
  2. Anterior pituitary
  3. Posterior pituitary
  4. Infundibulum
  5. Thyroid gland
89
Q

Name structure 8

A

Parathyroid gland

90
Q

Name structures 11-13, 16, and 20

A
  1. Adrenal cortex
  2. Adrenal medulla
  3. Pancreas
  4. Testis
  5. Ovary
91
Q

What is the function of the anterior pituitary?

A

Make its own hormones, part of GI tract

92
Q

Which part of the hypophysis is part of the brain, contains myelinated neurons, and receives hormones from the hypothalamus?

A

Posterior pituitary

93
Q

What 3 hormones does the thyroid realease?

A

T3, T4, and calcitonin

94
Q

What is the function of thrombocytes?

A

Blood clotting

95
Q

Is cardiac muscle voluntary or involuntary?

A

Involuntary

96
Q

What is the name of the squiggly line around the lumen?

A

Tunica interna

97
Q

What is the name of the thick middle layer?

A

Tunica media

98
Q

What is the name of the outermost layer?

A

Tunica externa

99
Q

How can you tell the difference between arteries and veins?

A

Arteries have thicker tunica medias and their lumen is more rounded

Veins have a thin tunica media and a more flaccid structure

100
Q
A

Kaitlyn BIO 201 (22 decks)

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