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anatomy > lecture exam 2 > Flashcards

lecture exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

functions of the integumentary system

A

Protection
Excretion
Thermoregulation
Production of proteins and vitamins
Storage
Sensory Reception

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2
Q

Epidermis tissue type

A

stratified squamous epithelium

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3
Q

Dermis tissue type

A

areolar tissue/ dense irregular connective tissue

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4
Q

hypodermis tissue type

A

loose connective tissue/ adipose tissue

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5
Q

Stratum Corneum

A

“horny layer”

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6
Q

Stratum Lucidum

A

“clear layer”

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7
Q

Stratum Granulosum

A

“grainy layer”

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8
Q

Stratum Spinosum

A

“spiny layer”

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9
Q

Stratum Basale

A

“basement layer”

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10
Q

what layer of the dermis is most superficial

A

papillary

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11
Q

composition and function of papillary layer

A

composed of areolar tissue. contains the capillaries, lymphatic vessels, and sensory neurons that supply and nourish the surface of the skin

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12
Q

ductless gland that secrets hormones into interstitial fluid or bloodstream

A

endocrine gland

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13
Q

secretes no-hormal substances onto external surfaces or internal passageways

A

exocrine gland

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14
Q

alveolar gland that secretes onto skins surfaces

A

sebaceous gland

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15
Q

distributed all over the surface of the body except nips, external genitalia, lips

A

sweat gland

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16
Q

Secretions are enclosed in vesicles that move to the apical surface of the cell where the contents are released by exocytosis

A

merocrine

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17
Q

secretory products accumulate near the apical portion of the cell

A

apocrine gland

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18
Q

cell accumulates its secretory products and releases them by the rupture and destruction of entire gland cell

A

holocrine gland

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19
Q

hypotonic filtrate of blood that passes through secretory cells of sweat

A

eccrine gland

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20
Q

ceruminous gland

A

line external ear canal and secretes sticky, bitter substance called cerumen

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21
Q

mammary gland

A

secretes milk

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22
Q

mixture of triglycerides, cholesterol, proteins, and electrolytes that softens and lubricates hair and surrounding skin and also has anti-bacterial properties.

A

sebum

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23
Q

medical condition characterized by a bluish coloration of the skin, resulting from sustained reduction of blood flow that decreases available oxygen and deepens the red coloration of hemoglobin.

A

Cyanosis

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24
Q

what is the most common type of skin cancer?

A

Basal cell carcinoma

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25
Q

common skin disorder that presents as a red, flaky rash.

A

Eczema

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26
Q

Fingerprints are the ridge patterns in the thick skin on the surface of the fingertips. These ridges, known as ?

A

Dermal papillae

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27
Q

located between epidermal cells, sensitive to touch

A

free nerve endings

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28
Q

Found in deepest layer of epidermis extending into dermis and detect texture and steady pressure

A

Merkel cells

29
Q

Meissner’s corpuscles

A

papillary layer. detect light, touch, pressure and vibration

30
Q

Found in both dermal layers and in hypodermis and detect deep pressure and vibration

A

Pacinian corpuscle

31
Q

projection of stratum corneum of the proximal nail fold that grows over the nail plate to form a thin structure.

A

Eponychium

32
Q

collection of muscles that will contract and cause hairs to become erect.

A

Arrector Pili

33
Q

what is the ABCDE rule? what does it detect?

A

Asymmetry, Border, Color, Diameter, Evolving squamous cell carcinoma

34
Q

functions of bone

A

Support
Protection
Leverage
Storage of Minerals
Production of Blood Cells

35
Q

flat bone

A

thin, roughly parallel surfaces
skull, sternum, ribs, scapula

36
Q

Wormian/Sutural

A

small, flat, irregularly shaped
bones of the skull

37
Q

Long bone

A

long and slender
arm, forearm, thigh, lower leg, palms, soles, fingers and toes

38
Q

Irregular

A

short, flat, notched

39
Q

Sesamoid

A

small, flat, oblonged

40
Q

Short

A

small and boxy

41
Q

The fossa of a bone is?

A

An Elongated basin

42
Q

what is a tuberosity?

A

A rough surface

43
Q

Diaphysis

A

long tubular shaft

44
Q

Epiphyses

A

end of bones

45
Q

Metaphysis

A

narrow zone that connects diaphysis to epiphysis

46
Q

Medullary Cavity

A

cavity within the shaft of a long bone that has bone marrow

47
Q

Periosteum

A

outtermost covering of bone

48
Q

Endosteum

A

internal membrane of bone made of connective tissue

49
Q

tunnel that penetrates the diaphysis and provides access for the blood vessels into the shaft of bone

A

Nutrient Foramen

50
Q

Metaphyseal Blood Vessels

A

carry blood to and from area of the metaphysis to epiphysis

51
Q

Articular Cartilage

A

covers portions of the epiphysis that articulate with other bones

52
Q

basic structural and functional unit of bone consisting of bone cells organized around a central canal

A

Osteon

53
Q

runs parallel to the axis of bone and located in the middle of each osteon

A

Central Canal

54
Q

passageways that extend perpendicular to the axis of bone and connect central canals of adjacent osteons

A

Perforating Canals

55
Q

nested, concentric rings of matrix surrounding central canal

A

Lamellae

56
Q

open space that houses mature bone cells

A

Lacunae

57
Q

narrow crevices that penetrate the lamellae and connect the lacunae to the central canal

A

Canaliculi

58
Q

mature bone cells

A

Osteocytes

59
Q

immature bone cells

A

Osteoblasts

60
Q

mesenchymal cells

A

Osteoprogenitor Cells

61
Q

bone digesting cells

A

Osteoclasts

62
Q

the term for the formation of bone

A

Ossification

63
Q

the term for the formation of a long bone

A

Endochondral Ossification

64
Q

the term for the formation of flat bone

A

Intramembranous Ossification

65
Q

the term for lengthening of bones

A

Longitudinal Growth

66
Q

the term for widening of bones

A

Appositional Growth

67
Q

replaces hyaline cartilage with bone and lengthens
growth in puberty
makes long, short and irregular bones

A

endochondrial ossification

68
Q

stem cells transform into osteoblasts in connective tissue
most flat bones of skull

A

intramembranous ossification

anatomy (13 decks)

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