lecture exam 2 Flashcards
functions of the integumentary system
Protection
Excretion
Thermoregulation
Production of proteins and vitamins
Storage
Sensory Reception
Epidermis tissue type
stratified squamous epithelium
Dermis tissue type
areolar tissue/ dense irregular connective tissue
hypodermis tissue type
loose connective tissue/ adipose tissue
Stratum Corneum
“horny layer”
Stratum Lucidum
“clear layer”
Stratum Granulosum
“grainy layer”
Stratum Spinosum
“spiny layer”
Stratum Basale
“basement layer”
what layer of the dermis is most superficial
papillary
composition and function of papillary layer
composed of areolar tissue. contains the capillaries, lymphatic vessels, and sensory neurons that supply and nourish the surface of the skin
ductless gland that secrets hormones into interstitial fluid or bloodstream
endocrine gland
secretes no-hormal substances onto external surfaces or internal passageways
exocrine gland
alveolar gland that secretes onto skins surfaces
sebaceous gland
distributed all over the surface of the body except nips, external genitalia, lips
sweat gland
Secretions are enclosed in vesicles that move to the apical surface of the cell where the contents are released by exocytosis
merocrine
secretory products accumulate near the apical portion of the cell
apocrine gland
cell accumulates its secretory products and releases them by the rupture and destruction of entire gland cell
holocrine gland
hypotonic filtrate of blood that passes through secretory cells of sweat
eccrine gland
ceruminous gland
line external ear canal and secretes sticky, bitter substance called cerumen
mammary gland
secretes milk
mixture of triglycerides, cholesterol, proteins, and electrolytes that softens and lubricates hair and surrounding skin and also has anti-bacterial properties.
sebum
medical condition characterized by a bluish coloration of the skin, resulting from sustained reduction of blood flow that decreases available oxygen and deepens the red coloration of hemoglobin.
Cyanosis
what is the most common type of skin cancer?
Basal cell carcinoma
common skin disorder that presents as a red, flaky rash.
Eczema
Fingerprints are the ridge patterns in the thick skin on the surface of the fingertips. These ridges, known as ?
Dermal papillae
located between epidermal cells, sensitive to touch
free nerve endings
Found in deepest layer of epidermis extending into dermis and detect texture and steady pressure
Merkel cells
Meissner’s corpuscles
papillary layer. detect light, touch, pressure and vibration
Found in both dermal layers and in hypodermis and detect deep pressure and vibration
Pacinian corpuscle
projection of stratum corneum of the proximal nail fold that grows over the nail plate to form a thin structure.
Eponychium
collection of muscles that will contract and cause hairs to become erect.
Arrector Pili
what is the ABCDE rule? what does it detect?
Asymmetry, Border, Color, Diameter, Evolving squamous cell carcinoma
functions of bone
Support
Protection
Leverage
Storage of Minerals
Production of Blood Cells
flat bone
thin, roughly parallel surfaces
skull, sternum, ribs, scapula
Wormian/Sutural
small, flat, irregularly shaped
bones of the skull
Long bone
long and slender
arm, forearm, thigh, lower leg, palms, soles, fingers and toes
Irregular
short, flat, notched
Sesamoid
small, flat, oblonged
Short
small and boxy
The fossa of a bone is?
An Elongated basin
what is a tuberosity?
A rough surface
Diaphysis
long tubular shaft
Epiphyses
end of bones
Metaphysis
narrow zone that connects diaphysis to epiphysis
Medullary Cavity
cavity within the shaft of a long bone that has bone marrow
Periosteum
outtermost covering of bone
Endosteum
internal membrane of bone made of connective tissue
tunnel that penetrates the diaphysis and provides access for the blood vessels into the shaft of bone
Nutrient Foramen
Metaphyseal Blood Vessels
carry blood to and from area of the metaphysis to epiphysis
Articular Cartilage
covers portions of the epiphysis that articulate with other bones
basic structural and functional unit of bone consisting of bone cells organized around a central canal
Osteon
runs parallel to the axis of bone and located in the middle of each osteon
Central Canal
passageways that extend perpendicular to the axis of bone and connect central canals of adjacent osteons
Perforating Canals
nested, concentric rings of matrix surrounding central canal
Lamellae
open space that houses mature bone cells
Lacunae
narrow crevices that penetrate the lamellae and connect the lacunae to the central canal
Canaliculi
mature bone cells
Osteocytes
immature bone cells
Osteoblasts
mesenchymal cells
Osteoprogenitor Cells
bone digesting cells
Osteoclasts
the term for the formation of bone
Ossification
the term for the formation of a long bone
Endochondral Ossification
the term for the formation of flat bone
Intramembranous Ossification
the term for lengthening of bones
Longitudinal Growth
the term for widening of bones
Appositional Growth
replaces hyaline cartilage with bone and lengthens
growth in puberty
makes long, short and irregular bones
endochondrial ossification
stem cells transform into osteoblasts in connective tissue
most flat bones of skull
intramembranous ossification
