lab practical 1 Flashcards
1
Q
posterior
A
towards the back
2
Q
anterior
A
towards the front
3
Q
proximal
A
towards point of origin
4
Q
distal
A
away from point of origin
5
Q
lateral
A
away from midline
6
Q
medial
A
toward midline
7
Q
superior
A
toward the head
8
Q
inferior
A
away from head toward the tail
9
Q
superficial
A
towards the skins surface
10
Q
deep
A
further away from the surface
11
Q
cranial cavity
A
brain
12
Q
vertebral cavity
A
spinal cord
13
Q
plural cavity
A
surrounds lungs
14
Q
pericardial cavity
A
sounds heart
15
Q
abdominal cavity
A
abdominal viscera
16
Q
pelvic cavity
A
reproductive, urinary, digestive organs
17
Q
peritoneal cavity
A
abdominal and lymphatic organs
18
Q
right upper quadrant
A
liver, pancreas, gallbladder, duodenum, transverse colon
19
Q
right lower quadrant
A
small intestine, ascending colon, appendix, urinary bladder
20
Q
left upper quadrant
A
liver, stomach, spleen, pancreas, transverse colon
21
Q
left lower quadrant
A
small intestine, descending colon, urinary bladder
22
Q
hypertonic
A
higher solute outside, higher water inside, water moves out and cell shrinks
23
Q
isotonic
A
equal solute, equal water, no net movement,
24
Q
hypotonic
A
higher solute inside, higher water outside, water moves IN, cell swells
25
simple squamous
consists of a single layer of flat cells with a centrally located, flattened nucleus.
26
simple cuboidal epithelium
short and have a spherical, central nucleus.
27
simple columnar epithelium
spherical nuclei generally located near the base of the cell.
28
psuedostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
looks as if it has many cell layers but actually has only one layer of cells
29
Stratified squamous keratinized epithelium
consists of epithelial cells called keratinocytes that produce the protein keratin. flaky looking cells
30
Stratified squamous nonkeratinized epithelium
contains no keratin and is located in places subject to lesser degrees of mechanical stress, such as the oral cavity, the pharynx, the anus, and the vagina
31
Transitional epithelium
the apical or surface cells are dome-shaped, but when the tissue is stretched, they flatten and are squamous in appearance.
32
loose areolar connective tissue
gives it a “loose” appearance on a slide
33
reticular connective tissue
consists of many reticular fibers produced by cells
34
adipose tissue
consists mostly of huge cells called adipocytes with collagen fibers in the ECM. Each adipocyte contains a large lipid droplet that occupies most of its cytoplasm.
35
dense regular collagenous tissue
collagen fibers arranged in parallel bundles with little ground substance and few cells.
36
dense irregular collagenous tissue
bundles of collagen fibers. Collagen bundles are arranged in an irregular, haphazard fashion without a consistent pattern.
37
dense elastic connective tissue
elastic fibers arranged in parallel bundles.
38
hyaline cartilage
chondrocytes scattered in ground substance with few visible protein fibers. smooth, glassy appearance
39
fibrocartilage
fibrocartilage tough and extremely strong but not very smooth
40
elastic cartilage
ECM that is filled with elastic fibers that allow it to stretch and recoil.
41
skeletal muscle tissue
long, tubular, and striated in appearance
42
cardiac muscle tissue
located in the heart, are short, wide, striated, and tend to be branching
43
smooth muscle tissue
flat with a single nucleus in the center of the cell
44
neurons
responsible for sending and receiving messages within the nervous system
45
stratum corneum
Outermost layer of keratinocytes (sometimes called the “horny layer”)
46
stratum luicidum
The cells of this layer are flattened, densely packed, largely devoid of organelles, and filled with the proteins keratin and keratohyalin.
47
stratum granulosum
These cells become flattened, the plasma membrane becomes less permeable, and the organelles deteriorate.
48
stratum spinosum
“spiny layer”, refers to the fact that the cells look like miniature pincushions in standard histological sections.
49
stratum basale
The deepest epidermal layer consisting of a single row of basal cells, or germinative cells, that are undergoing rapid mitotic divisions
50
papillary layer
contains the capillaries, lymphatic vessels, and sensory neurons that supply the surface of the skin.
51
reticular layer
interwoven meshwork of dense irregular connective tissue containing both collagen and elastic fibers.
52
hypodermis
Separates skin from deeper structures.
Stabilizes position of skin relative to underlying tissues
53
eccrine sweat glands
palms, soles of the feet and forehead.
54
appocrine sweat glands
release secretions into sweat glands
55
ceruminous glands
Modified Apocrine glands that line the external ear canal and secrete a sticky, bitter substance called cerumen.
56
mammary glands
Specialized Apocrine sweat gland that secretes milk
57
cranial
head
58
frontal
forehead
59
orbital
eye
60
nasal
nose
61
buccal
cheek
62
otic
ear
63
oral
mouth
64
occipital
base of skull
65
nuchal
back of neck
66
mental
chin
67
cervical
C1-C7
68
acromial
shoulder
69
scapular
shoulder blade
70
sternal
sternum
71
thoracic
upper middle back
72
axillary
arm pit
73
mammary
breast
74
brachial
bicep
75
antecubital
front elbow
76
vertebral
spine
77
abdominal
stomach
78
umbilical
belly button
79
antibrachial
forearm
80
carpal
wrist
81
manual
back of hand
82
palmer
palm
83
digital
fingers
84
pelvic
pelvis
85
lumbar
lower back
86
gluteal
butt
87
inguinal
hip crease below pelvic
88
pubic
above genitals
89
femoral
femur
90
patellar
knee
91
popliteal
back of knee
92
crural
shin
93
sural
calf
94
tarsal
7 bones top of the foot
95
calcaneal
back of foot
96
plantar
heel
