lecture exam 2

Question 1

simple fracture

Answer 1

breaks cleanly, dosent penetrate skin

Question 2

compound fracture

Answer 2

broken ends of bone protrude through skin

Question 3

transverse fracture

Answer 3

perpendicular to the long axis of a bone

Question 4

linear fracture

Answer 4

parallelle to the long axis of a bone

Question 5

non-displaced fracture

Answer 5

bone ends retain position

Question 6

displaced fracture

Answer 6

bone ends are out of normal alignment

Question 7

comminuted fracture

Answer 7

bone fragments in many places

Question 8

compression fracture

Answer 8

bone crushed from upward and downward forces

Question 9

spiral fracture

Answer 9

excessive twisting of the bone

Question 10

greenstick fracture

Answer 10

breaks incompletely. only happens in children

Question 11

oblique fracture

Answer 11

occurs at an angle that isn’t 90 degrees

Question 12

bones are responsible for the formation of calcium

Answer 12

false

Question 13

leafy geen vegetables are a good source of vitamin K

Answer 13

true

Question 14

what kind of relationship does bone process remodeling exhibit?

Answer 14

negative

Question 15

when blood calcium levels are too low what is released and from where ?

Answer 15

parathyroid gland, parathyroid hormone

Question 16

when blood calcium levels are too high what cells secrete calcitonin and from where?

Answer 16

C-cells, thyroid gland

Question 17

pituitary growth failure

Answer 17

inadequate production of growth hormone leading to reduced epiphyseal cartilage activity

Question 18

Achondroplasia

Answer 18

abnormal hyaline cartilage development

Question 19

marfan syndrome

Answer 19

very tall with long, slender limbs due to excessive cartilage formation at the epiphyseal plates

Question 20

gigantism

Answer 20

Results from an overproduction of growth hormone before puberty

Question 21

acromegaly

Answer 21

Result from too much growth hormone after the epiphyseal plates close so that the bones do not grow longer but instead get thicker

Question 22

Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva

Answer 22

deposition of bone around skeletal muscles and the normally soft tissue of the body

Question 23

Paget’s Disease

Answer 23

Overactive osteoclasts cause pores and weakening of the long bones leading to bending/bowing

Question 24

consists of 80 bones

Answer 24

axial skeleton

Question 25

consists of 126 bones

Answer 25

appendicular skeleton

Question 26

includes the bones of the skull, chest, and vertebral column

Answer 26

axial

Question 27

lower limbs, pectoral girdle, upper limbs, pectoral girdle

Answer 27

apendicular skeleton

Question 28

how does the make pelvis differ from the female pelvis

Answer 28

Lesser pelvic cavity is longer and narrower,Pelvic inlet is heart-shaped,Thicker and heavier, Pelvic outlet is small,Subpubic angle is less than 70 degrees

Question 29

The bones of the newborn skull are not fully ossified and are separated by large areas called?

Answer 29

Fontanelles

Question 30

The function of fontanelles is to?

Answer 30

Allow for continued growth of the skull after birth in newborns

Question 31

carpal tunnel

Answer 31

compression of the median nerve traveling through the wrist

Question 32

Scoliosis

Answer 32

abnormal lateral bending of the vertebral column

Question 33

Kyphosis

Answer 33

excessive curvature of the upper thoracic vertebral column

Question 34

Lordosis

Answer 34

excessive curvature in the lumbar region of the vertebral column

Question 35

Osteoporosis

Answer 35

disorder that causes the gradual loss of bone density and strength

Question 36

Herniated Intervertebral Disc

Answer 36

protrusion of the nucleus pulposus and compression of spinal nerve

Question 37

Clubfoot

Answer 37

infants foot is turned inward so bottom of the foot faces sideways or upwards

Question 38

a place of movement where two or more bones meet

Answer 38

joint

Question 39

synarthrotic

Answer 39

fixed joint

Question 40

amphiarthrotic

Answer 40

slightly moveable

Question 41

diarthrotic

Answer 41

freely moveable

Question 42

suture

Answer 42

synarthrotic. located between bones of the skull

Question 43

Synostosis

Answer 43

synarthrotic. two bones fuse and the boundary between then dissapears

Question 44

Syndesmosis

Answer 44

amphiarthrotic. connected by interosseous ligaments

Question 45

Gomphosis

Answer 45

synarthroic. peg in socket . tooth

Question 46

Synchondrosis

Answer 46

rigid, hyaline cartilage that unites bones

Question 47

Symphysis

Answer 47

articulating bones that are separated by a wedge or pad of fibrocartilage

Question 48

Joint cavity

Answer 48

space between articulating bones

Question 49

Articular cartilages

Answer 49

line surface of articulating bones. composed of hyaline cartilage, lack perichondrium

Question 50

Synovial fluid

Answer 50

derived from blood and has a clear, viscous egg-white consistency

Question 51

Joint capsule

Answer 51

Layers of dense fibrous connective tissues that enclose the synovial cavity to house the synovial fluid.

Question 52

Fibrous capsule

Answer 52

Support, strengthen, and reinforce synovial joints

Question 53

Bursa

Answer 53

small, fluid filled pocket that forms in connective tissue

Question 54

Fat pads

Answer 54

adipose tissue covered by a layer of synovial membrane

Question 55

Meniscus

Answer 55

fibrous cartilage situated between opposing bones within a synovial joint

Question 56

functions of synovial fluid

Answer 56

nutrient distribution, lubrication, shock absorption

Question 57

If you were doing jumping jacks, describe the type of movement occurring as your finger come together and your legs move apart.

Answer 57

Abduction

Question 58

The main function of a fibrous joint

Answer 58

Provide stability between two bones.

Question 59

Could a fibrous joint perform its functions if it were a diarthrosis?

Answer 59

No, the primary function of a fibrous joint is to provide stability between two bones. A diarthrosis is a freely moveable joint and so has very little stability. A fibrous joint that was a diarthrosis could therefore not effectively perform its function