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anatomy > lecture exam 2 > Flashcards

lecture exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

simple fracture

A

breaks cleanly, dosent penetrate skin

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2
Q

compound fracture

A

broken ends of bone protrude through skin

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3
Q

transverse fracture

A

perpendicular to the long axis of a bone

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4
Q

linear fracture

A

parallelle to the long axis of a bone

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5
Q

non-displaced fracture

A

bone ends retain position

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6
Q

displaced fracture

A

bone ends are out of normal alignment

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7
Q

comminuted fracture

A

bone fragments in many places

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8
Q

compression fracture

A

bone crushed from upward and downward forces

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9
Q

spiral fracture

A

excessive twisting of the bone

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10
Q

greenstick fracture

A

breaks incompletely. only happens in children

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11
Q

oblique fracture

A

occurs at an angle that isn’t 90 degrees

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12
Q

bones are responsible for the formation of calcium

A

false

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13
Q

leafy geen vegetables are a good source of vitamin K

A

true

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14
Q

what kind of relationship does bone process remodeling exhibit?

A

negative

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15
Q

when blood calcium levels are too low what is released and from where ?

A

parathyroid gland, parathyroid hormone

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16
Q

when blood calcium levels are too high what cells secrete calcitonin and from where?

A

C-cells, thyroid gland

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17
Q

pituitary growth failure

A

inadequate production of growth hormone leading to reduced epiphyseal cartilage activity

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18
Q

Achondroplasia

A

abnormal hyaline cartilage development

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19
Q

marfan syndrome

A

very tall with long, slender limbs due to excessive cartilage formation at the epiphyseal plates

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20
Q

gigantism

A

Results from an overproduction of growth hormone before puberty

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21
Q

acromegaly

A

Result from too much growth hormone after the epiphyseal plates close so that the bones do not grow longer but instead get thicker

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22
Q

Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva

A

deposition of bone around skeletal muscles and the normally soft tissue of the body

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23
Q

Paget’s Disease

A

Overactive osteoclasts cause pores and weakening of the long bones leading to bending/bowing

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24
Q

consists of 80 bones

A

axial skeleton

25
Q

consists of 126 bones

A

appendicular skeleton

26
Q

includes the bones of the skull, chest, and vertebral column

A

axial

27
Q

lower limbs, pectoral girdle, upper limbs, pectoral girdle

A

apendicular skeleton

28
Q

how does the make pelvis differ from the female pelvis

A

Lesser pelvic cavity is longer and narrower,Pelvic inlet is heart-shaped,Thicker and heavier, Pelvic outlet is small,Subpubic angle is less than 70 degrees

29
Q

The bones of the newborn skull are not fully ossified and are separated by large areas called?

A

Fontanelles

30
Q

The function of fontanelles is to?

A

Allow for continued growth of the skull after birth in newborns

31
Q

carpal tunnel

A

compression of the median nerve traveling through the wrist

32
Q

Scoliosis

A

abnormal lateral bending of the vertebral column

33
Q

Kyphosis

A

excessive curvature of the upper thoracic vertebral column

34
Q

Lordosis

A

excessive curvature in the lumbar region of the vertebral column

35
Q

Osteoporosis

A

disorder that causes the gradual loss of bone density and strength

36
Q

Herniated Intervertebral Disc

A

protrusion of the nucleus pulposus and compression of spinal nerve

37
Q

Clubfoot

A

infants foot is turned inward so bottom of the foot faces sideways or upwards

38
Q

a place of movement where two or more bones meet

A

joint

39
Q

synarthrotic

A

fixed joint

40
Q

amphiarthrotic

A

slightly moveable

41
Q

diarthrotic

A

freely moveable

42
Q

suture

A

synarthrotic. located between bones of the skull

43
Q

Synostosis

A

synarthrotic. two bones fuse and the boundary between then dissapears

44
Q

Syndesmosis

A

amphiarthrotic. connected by interosseous ligaments

45
Q

Gomphosis

A

synarthroic. peg in socket . tooth

46
Q

Synchondrosis

A

rigid, hyaline cartilage that unites bones

47
Q

Symphysis

A

articulating bones that are separated by a wedge or pad of fibrocartilage

48
Q

Joint cavity

A

space between articulating bones

49
Q

Articular cartilages

A

line surface of articulating bones. composed of hyaline cartilage, lack perichondrium

50
Q

Synovial fluid

A

derived from blood and has a clear, viscous egg-white consistency

51
Q

Joint capsule

A

Layers of dense fibrous connective tissues that enclose the synovial cavity to house the synovial fluid.

52
Q

Fibrous capsule

A

Support, strengthen, and reinforce synovial joints

53
Q

Bursa

A

small, fluid filled pocket that forms in connective tissue

54
Q

Fat pads

A

adipose tissue covered by a layer of synovial membrane

55
Q

Meniscus

A

fibrous cartilage situated between opposing bones within a synovial joint

56
Q

functions of synovial fluid

A

nutrient distribution, lubrication, shock absorption

57
Q

If you were doing jumping jacks, describe the type of movement occurring as your finger come together and your legs move apart.

A

Abduction

58
Q

The main function of a fibrous joint

A

Provide stability between two bones.

59
Q

Could a fibrous joint perform its functions if it were a diarthrosis?

A

No, the primary function of a fibrous joint is to provide stability between two bones. A diarthrosis is a freely moveable joint and so has very little stability. A fibrous joint that was a diarthrosis could therefore not effectively perform its function

anatomy (13 decks)

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