lab 3 - respiratory/urinary Flashcards
humidify, warm, filter, and act as a conduit for inspired air, as well as protect the respiratory tract through the use of the mucociliary system
nasal cavity
3 folds of tissue on lateral
walls of nasal cavity
conchae/turbinates
Superior portion of the
pharynx, Lined with Pseudostratified
epithelium, Contains pharyngeal
tonsils and auditory tubes
nasopharynx
Middle portion of the
pharynx, Contains palatine and
lingual tonsils
Oropharynx, Stratified
squamous epithelium
oropharynx
Inferior portion of the
pharynx, Stratified
squamous epithelium, Esophagus begins here
Laryngopharynx
voice box, Sound production
larynx
superior, Diverts food/water
away from airway,Composed of elastic cartilage
epiglottis
Opening within larynx, Formed by two sets of folds, Sound
Glottis
Inferior to Thyroid
cartilage, Connects larynx to
trachea, Form posterior portion
of larynx
cricoid
windpipe, Branches into right and left primary bronchi, ciliated
pseudostratified epithelium
trachea
3 lobes, Superior, middle, and
inferior, Separated by
horizontal and oblique
fissures
right lung
2 lobes, Superior and inferior, Separated by an oblique fissure
left lung
cavity on lungs
visceral
lines rib cage
parietal
Branch to form Secondary bronchi (lobar), 1 secondary bronchus goes to each lobe
primary bronchi
Branch to form Tertiary bronchi (segmental)
secondary bronchi
Eventually branch into Bronchioles, supplies air to a single bronchopulmonary segment
tertiary bronchi
Tubes that bring air into and out of lung
bronchial tree
Tiny air-filled
pockets within
the lungs where
all gas exchange
takes place
alveoli
Chambers connected to many
individual alveoli
alveolar sacs
Make up the walls of the
alveoli, Thin, delicate, 95% of alveolar surface area
type 1 alveolar cells
“Great Alveolar” cells, Secrete surfactant, Repair damaged epithelium
type 2 alveolar cells
dust cells, Monitor alveolar
environment, Engulf particles and
pathogens
macrophages
Thin membrane where gas
exchange takes place between
alveoli and pulmonary capillaries
respiratory membrane
Surrounded by elastic fibers, Have extensive networks of pulmonary
capillaries
alveoli
Measures total
amount of air that
can be inhaled
and exhaled
spirometry
A “normal respiratory cycle”, Volume of air in one quiet
breath
tidal volume
air in excess of tidal
expiration that can be
exhaled with maximum
effort
expiratory reserve volume
air in excess of tidal
inspiration that can be
inhaled with maximum effort
inspiratory reserve volume
Air remaining in alveoli after
maximal exhalation
Pulmonary Volumes
residual volume
Total amount of air that can be
exhaled with effort after
maximum inspiration
vital capacity
expiratory reserve volume +
tidal volume + inspiratory
reserve volume
vital capacity
Maximum amount of air lungs
can hold
total lung capacity
vital capacity + residual volume
total lung capacity
go back to respiratory/ pleural membrane
Outer layer, Lighter color
cortex
Inner layer, Darker color, “Pyramids
medulla
Outer, Superficial
portion of kidney, Reddish brown and granular
renal cortex
6 to 18 distinct
triangular structures of
the medulla
renal pyramids
Tips of medullary
pyramids, Project into renal sinus
renal papilla
Multiple (4-5) form a major
calyx
minor calyx
2-3 form the renal pelvis
major calyx
Large, funnel-shaped
chamber, Consists of 2 or 3 major
calyces
renal pelvis
Point of entry for renal artery and
renal nerves, Point of exit for renal vein and ureter
Hilum
filtration, reabsorption, secretion
nephron functions
Ball of capillaries
located in Nephron
Glomerulus
Glomerular capsule, Double layered structure that surrounds glomerulus
Bowmans capsule
First portion of the
tubule that receives
filtrate
proximal tubule
Coiled tube
immediately following
loop of Henle
distal tubule
Carries tubular fluid away
from nephron, Begins in cortex and descends into medulla
collecting ducts
U-shaped portion of the
tubule; Found primarily
in the medulla
loop of henle
Transport urine from kidneys
to the bladder
ureters
Temporarily stores urine
until micturition
bladder
Openings of 2 ureters
and 1 urethra, Forms a triangular
region
trigone
contract during urination to push the urine out of the bladder and into the urethra
detrouser muscle
Mucosa, Middle layer of spongy tissue, outer muscular coat
layers of the female urethra
Mucous membrane and a
muscularis
two layers of the male urethra
Smooth muscle;
involuntary
internal urethral sphincter
control elimination of
urine through the urethra
Urethral sphincters
Skeletal muscle;
voluntary
external urethral sphincter
Muscular tube, Extends from oral
cavity to anus
GI tract
