Lecture ( ). Buss Flashcards
Buss’ theory
Evolutionary Theory of Personality
starts with the assumption that individual members of any species differ from one another.
Evolution
scientific study of human thought and behavior from an evolutionary perspective
Evolutionary psychology
tendency to assume that the environment alone can produce behaviors void of a stable internal mechanism “Without internal mechanisms, there can be no behavior”
Fundamental Situational Error
The tendency to ignore situational and environmental forces when explaining the behavior of other people and instead focus on internal dispositions.
Fundamental Attribution Error
Adaptive Problems and their Solutions
Physical Mechanisms and Psychological Mechanisms
internal and specific cognitive, motivational and personality systems that solve specific survival and reproduction problems
Psychological Mechanisms
process of evolution by natural selection producing solutions to two basic problems of life
Mechanism
Survival Problems
- Taking in information from the external world
- Temperature regulation
- Disease and parasites
- Wounds and injury
- Predators and danger
- Fending off attacks of enemy
- Trust/Cooperation
- Alliance and group cohesion
- Food gathering
- Shelter
Survival Solution
- Eyes, ears, nose, skin, and tongue
- Ectothermic system, sweat glands
- Immune system
- Blood clotting
- Limbs and locomotion
- Strength, aggression, speed
- Conscientiousness, agreeableness
- Dominance, agreeableness
- Creativity, intelligence
- Creativity, intelligence
Reproduction Problems
- Mate attraction
- Mate selection
- Trust
- Intrasex competition
- Intimacy
Reproduction Solutions
- Dominance, surgency, creativity
- Social intelligence, theory of mind
- Conscientiousness, dependability
- Aggression, drive, achievement, resource acquisition, beauty
- Love, attachment, agreeableness
Evolved Mechanisms
- Motivation and Emotion as Evolved Mechanisms
- Personality Traits as Evolved Mechanisms
takes forms of aggression, dominance, achievement, status, negotiation of hierarchy
power
takes forms of love, attachment, reciprocal alliance
intimacy
Adaptive in nature to solve problems of survival and reproduction
Personality Traits as Evolved Mechanisms
Buss agreed with 5-trait theory but with different terminology such as;
- Surgency/ Extraversion/ Dominance
- Agreeableness/hostility
- Conscientiousness,
- Emotional Stability/neuroticism
- Openness/intellect
Origins of Individual Differences
- Environmental Sources of Adaptive Individual Differences
- Heritable (Genetic) Sources of Adaptive Individual Differences
- Nonadaptive Sources of Individual Differences
- Maladaptive Sources of Individual Differences
3 Environmental Sources of Adaptive Individual Differences
- Early Environmental calibration
- Enduring Situational Evocation
- Strategic Niche Specialization
Heritable (Genetic) Sources of Adaptive Individual Differences
- Adaptive Self-Assessment of Heritable Attributes
- Frequency-dependent Adaptive Strategies
- Continuous Condition-dependent heritable Strategies
Nonadaptive Sources of Individual Differences
- Neutral Genetic Variation
- Incidental by-products of adaptive variation
Maladaptive Sources of Individual Differences
- Genetic Defects
- Environmental insults/trauma
