Lecture 5. Klein Flashcards
Object Relations Theory is built on?
careful observations of young children
Object Relations theory stresses the importance of the?
first 4-6 months of child after birth
The infant’s drives are?
directed to an object such as the breast, penis, vagina and so on
Child’s relation to the breast is fundamental because?
it serves as the prototype for later relations to whole objects such as mother and father
The very early tendency of infants to relate to partial objects gives infant?
gives their experiences an unrealistic or fantasy-like quality that affects all later interpersonal relations
What was also enphasized in Object Relations Theory?
The importance of child’s early experiences with the mother
In Object Relations Theory, the sense of identity rests on?
3 Step Relationship with mother
3 Step Relationship with the Mother
1) Basic needs are cared by their mother
2) A safe, symbiotic relationship is developed with an all-powerful mother
3) To have emerged from their mother’s protective circle and establish their separate individuality
Melanie Klein Nationality
Austrian- British
Birth Order of Klein
Youngest of 4 Children
Occupation of mother and father
Father is a medical doctor; mother ran a shop selling plants and reptiles
Klein grew up in what kind of a family ?
Pro or anti religious
Relationship with the father
Felt that she was an unplanned child, distant to her father, who favored the oldest daughter, Emilie.
Closest sibling of Klein and the time of death
Sidonie, died when Klein is 8 years old
Klein to related to one of her siblings named? At what age of Klein did this sibling die?
Emmanuel, age 20 when Emmanuel died
At age 21, who did Melanie married?
Arthur Klein, a close friend of Emmanuel
Status of Klein’s marriage?
Was unhappy, she dreaded sex and being pregnant but gave birth to three children: Melitta, Hans and Erich
Her mother died when Klein is at age?
32
After the death of Abfaham, she turned the analysis to self-analysis and named it again to?
Psychoanalysis of children
Object Relations Theory considered the?
offspring of Freud’s instinct theory
Object Relations Theory gave more importance to?
consistent patterns of interpersonal relationships
Object Relations Theory tends to be more?
maternal, stressing the intimacy and nurturing of the mother
The prime motive of human behavior in Object Relations Theory is?
human contact and relatedness
object Relations Theory focused on?
child analysis and play therapy
Psychic life of the infant (age)
4-6months
2 concepts in psychic life of the infant
Phantasies and Objects
Phantasies
psychic representations of unconscious id instincts
Phantasies possessed?
unconscious good and bad images
Unconscious phantasies
shaped by both reality and inherited predispositions
Objects
symbolized the objects for innate drives or instincts
Internalized objects can be comparable with?
have powers on their own, and can be comparable to Freud’s concept of superego
Positions
conflicts between life and death instincts
Paranoid Schizoid Position
a way of organizing experiences that includes both paranoid feelings of being persecuted and a splitting of internal and external objects
Paranoid Schizoid Position develops in what age of an infant?
3-4 months old
During 3-4 months old of an infant, ego’s perception of external world is?
subjective and fantastic
Depressive Position
Viewing external objects as whole and sees that good and bad can exist in the same person
Depressive Position develops during?
5-6 months old
Realization of Ego in Depressive Position
The realization of ego of its lack of capacity to protect the mother
Feelings of Anxiety in Depressive Position
Feelings of anxiety over losing a loved object coupled with the sense of guilt for wanting to destroy that object
Psychic Defense Mechanisms
means of reducing anxiety
Introjection
infants fantasize taking into their body those perceptions and experiences they had with the external objects
Introjected objects are influenced by?
children’s fantasies
Projection
the fantasy that one’s own feelings and impulses actually reside in another person and not within one’s body
Splitting
Keeping incompatible impulses, developing a good me and bad me that enables them to deal with both pleasurable and destructive impulses toward external objects
Projective Identification
splitting unacceptable part of themselves, projecting it on another object, and finally introject them back into themselves in a changed or distorted form
2 Kinds of Position
Paranoid Schizoid Position and Depressive Position
4 Types of Psychic Defense Mechanisms
Introjection, Projection, Splitting and Projective Identification
Internalizations
organized introjections into a psychologically meaningful framework
3 Internalizations
Ego, Superego, Oedipus Complex
Ego
one’s sense of self
Ego has the ability to?
has the ability to sense both destructive and loving forces and to manage them to psychic defense mechanisms
How ego is organized?
Mostly unorganized at birth, but strong enough to feel anxiety, know how ro reduce it and evolves with childhood experiences
Superego emerges?
early in life
Superego
an ego defense against realistic guilts
Superego is responsible for?
many antisocial and criminal tendencies in adults
Extreme violence is a reaction to?
the ego’s aggressive self-defense against its own destructive tendencies
Oedipus Complex begins and reaches its climax at?
much earlier age, and reaches climax during 3-4 years old
Oedipus Complex
the fear of retaliation from their parents for fantasies related ro them
Oedipus Complex serves for
both male and female children
Oedipus complex is needed to?
establish a positive attitude with good objects and avoid the bad
Female/Male oedipal development
attachment to mother, rivals with fathers and develop abilities to reconcile unconscious positive and negative images of the breast (mother) and penis (father)
Related works of object relations theorists
Margaret Mahler - Psychological Birth
Heinz Kohut - Innate Narcissistic Self
John Bowlby - Attachment Theory
Mary Ainsworth - Strange Situation
