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PSYC 04: TOP > Lecture 10. Maslow > Flashcards

Lecture 10. Maslow Flashcards

1
Q

The Holistic-dynamic theory is variously been called

A

humanistic theory, transpersonal theory, the third force in psychology, the fourth force in personality, needs theory, self actualization theory

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2
Q

Maslow personality referred to as

A

referred to as a holistic-dynamic theory

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3
Q

Holistic-dynamic theory assumes that

A

assumes that the whole person is constantly being motivated (from birth to old age) by one need or another and that people have the potential to grow toward psychological health (self actualization).

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4
Q

Humans have a higher nature than either _____ or ____ would suggest

A

Humans have a higher nature than either psychoanalysis (all our behaviors are rooted from our past or unconscious motives) or behaviorism (all our behaviors are products of conditioning) would suggest

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5
Q

Humans have a higher nature than either psychoanalysis (all our behaviors are rooted from our past or unconscious motives) or behaviorism (all our behaviors are products of conditioning) would suggest, which has …

A

which has limited views of humanity and the nature of psychologically healthy individuals.

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6
Q

Maslow’s birth order

A

Oldest of 7 children

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7
Q

Maslow’s life was filled with

A

was filled with intense feelings of shyness, inferiority and depression and his lonely childhood in Brooklyn, not especially close to either parent.

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8
Q

Maslow’s relationship with father

A

More tolerant with his often-absent father, but felt hated and deep-seated animosity, from childhood until the day she died.

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9
Q

Maslow’s feeling towards her mother

A

never overcame the intense hatred to his mother despite several years of psychoanalysis.

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10
Q

Maslow’s wife and family

A

Married his first cousin, Bertha, when he was 20 years old and had 2 daughters.

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11
Q

Abe’s personal life was filled with

A

Abe’s personal life was filled with pain, both physical and psychological.

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12
Q

Maslow’s personality during adolescence

A

As an adolescent he was terribly shy, unhappy, isolated and self-rejecting.

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13
Q

How did he find inspiration in life?

A

only found inspiration in life when his wife showed mutual affection for him.

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14
Q

Maslow’s later years

A

In his later years, he was often in poor physical health and almost in his deathbed, he expressed that being courageous is overcoming all the negatives (inhibitions, politeness, gentleness, timidities) but this always comes with a price (fatigue, tension, apprehension, bad sleep)

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15
Q

What negatives did he mention during his later years?

A

negatives (inhibitions, politeness, gentleness, timidities)

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16
Q

What prices did he mention during his later years?

A

price (fatigue, tension, apprehension, bad sleep)

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17
Q

Maslow’s view of motivation

A

Holistic approach

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18
Q

Maslow’s view of motivation is usually

A

usually complex — several separate motives, needs, unconscious

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19
Q

People are continually motivated by __ need or ___

A

People are continually motivated by one need or another

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20
Q

All people everywhere are motivated by the same?

A

All people everywhere are motivated by the same basic needs; universal for all individuals

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21
Q

Physiological Needs

A

Basic of all the five needs

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22
Q

5 hierarchy of needs

A

Physiological Needs, Safety Needs, Love and Belonging Needs, Esteem Needs, Self-Actualization

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23
Q

Physiological Needs differ from the rest of the needs in at least two important respects;

A

Can be completely/overly satisfied
Recurring nature

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24
Q

Safety Needs

A

Physical security, stability, dependency, protection and freedom from threatening forces such as war, illness, terrorism etc.

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25
Q

Love and Belonging Needs

A

Desire for having friends, partner, settling with family and children, associated with clubs or to belong in the neighbourhood

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26
Q

Esteem Needs

A

Include self-respect, confidence, competence, and the knowledge that others hold them in high esteem

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27
Q

Self-esteem is based on

A

Self-esteem is based on real competence and not merely on others’ opinions.

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28
Q

Maslow’s view on esteem

A

For Maslow, the esteem you receive based on what people give or recognize you is different from the esteem you have for yourself

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29
Q

Two Levels of Esteem Needs

A

Reputation, Self-esteem

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30
Q

Reputation

A

perception of the prestige, recognition, or fame a person has achieved in the eyes of others

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31
Q

Self-esteem

A

a person’s own feelings of worth and confidence

32
Q

Self-Actualization

A

include self-fulfillment, the realization of all one’s potential, and a desire to become creative in the full sense of the word

33
Q

For Maslow, people who have reached the level of self-actualization become,

A

For Maslow, people who have reached the level of self-actualization become fully human, satisfying needs that others merely aspire of, glimpse or never view at all

34
Q

Originally, aesthetic and cognitive needs are not in Maslow’s hierarchy of needs because

A

Originally, aesthetic and cognitive needs are not in Maslow’s hierarchy of needs because these two would not be universal to all people, merely specific to cultures or depending on a person.

35
Q

Transcendence

A

the desire to move beyond ourselves.

36
Q

People seeking to fulfill their Transcendent needs may be motivated by

A

People seeking to fulfill their Transcendent needs may be motivated by helping others or becoming wholly driven by factors that do not personally impact them.

37
Q

The five needs are conative needs which means

A

have a striving or motivational character and are called the basic needs, with each step representing a higher need but one less basic to survival.

38
Q

Lower needs comparing with higher needs

A

Lower needs have prepotency over higher needs

39
Q

Aesthetic Needs

A

unlike conative needs, it depends on culture and the person.

40
Q

Cognitive Needs

A

the desire to know, to solve mysteries, to understand, to be curious

41
Q

Neurotic Needs

A

lead to stagnation and pathology.

42
Q

Neurotic Needs is usually

A

Usually reactive, a compensation for unsatisfied basic needs.

43
Q

Examples of Neurotic Needs

A

Like having a hoarding drive and pathological relationship

44
Q

Acc. to Maslow, lower needs are the basis on

A

Acc. to Maslow, lower needs are the basis on how an individual can reach or the percentage of probability to reach the highest need.

45
Q

The more the lower need is satisfied and high percentage…

A

The more the lower need is satisfied and high percentage, the greater the probability for the next level to be satisfied as well

46
Q

6 general discussions of needs

A

reversed order of needs, unmotivated behavior, expressing and coping behavior, deprivation of needs, instinctoid nature of needs, comparison of higher and lower needs

47
Q

Cause of why needs are reversed

A

There are some unconscious motivations underlying our behavior

48
Q

Unmotivated behavior

A

believed that even though all behaviors have a cause, some behaviors are not motivated

49
Q

Some behavior is not caused by needs but by other factors such as

A

Some behavior is not caused by needs but by other factors such as conditioned reflexes, maturation, or influence of drugs.

50
Q

Motivation is limited to

A

Motivation is limited to the striving for the satisfaction of some need

51
Q

Expressive Behavior

A

often an end in itself and serves no other purpose than to be frequently unconscious and usually takes place naturally and with little effort.

52
Q

Expressive Behavior includes

A

includes such actions as slouching, looking stupid, being relaxed, showing anger, and expressing joy

53
Q

Expressive behavior can continue even..

A

can continue even in the absence of reinforcement or reward like a frown, a blush, or a twinkle of the eye is not ordinarily specifically reinforced, just happens naturally.

54
Q

expressive behavior is usually

A

usually unlearned, spontaneous, and determined by forces within the person rather than by the environment

55
Q

coping behavior

A

ordinarily conscious, effortful, learned (from previous experience), and determined by the (what is appropriate in the) external environment we have

56
Q

Coping behavior involves

A

involves the individual’s attempts to cope with the environment; to secure food and shelter; to make friends; and to receive acceptance, appreciation, and prestige from others

57
Q

Deprivation of needs

A

Lack of satisfaction with any of the basic needs leads to some kind of pathology

58
Q

metapathology

A

absence of values, the lack of fulfillment, and the loss of meaning in life

59
Q

Deprivation of physiological needs leads to

A

Deprivation of physiological needs → malnutrition, fatigue, loss of energy, obsession with sex, and so on.

60
Q

Threats to one’s safety results to

A

Threats to one’s safety → fear, insecurity, and dread.

61
Q

When love needs go unfulfilled,

A

When love needs go unfulfilled → a person becomes defensive, overly aggressive, or socially timid.

62
Q

Lack of esteem

A

Lack of esteem → illnesses of self-doubt, self-depreciation, and lack of confidence.

63
Q

Deprivation of self-actualization needs also leads to

A

Deprivation of self-actualization needs also leads to pathology, or more accurately, metapathology

64
Q

Instinctoid Nature of needs

A

Maslow (1970) hypothesizes that some human needs are innately determined even though they can be modified by learning

65
Q

4 Criteria for Self-Actualization

A

Free from psychopathology — neither neurotic nor psychotic nor did they have a tendency toward psychological disturbances

Had progressed through the hierarchy of needs and therefore lived above the subsistence level of existence and had no ever present threat to their safety

Embracing the B-values, felt comfortable with and even demanded truth, beauty, justice, simplicity, humor and other B-values

Full use and exploitation of talents, capacities, potentialities fulfilled their needs to grow, to develop and to increasingly become what they were capable of becoming.

66
Q

B-values

A

indicators for psychological health — metaneeds (metamotivation)

67
Q

14 b-values

A

Truth
Goodness
Beauty
Wholeness or Transcendence of dichotomies (naalign mo yung dichotomies mo)
Aliveness or spontaneity
Uniqueness
Perfection
Completion
Justice and order
Simplicity
Richness or totality
Effortlessness
Playfulness or humor
Self-sufficiency or autonomy

68
Q

15 Characteristics of Self-Actualizing People

A
  1. More efficient perception of reality
  2. Acceptance of self, others and nature
  3. Spontaneity, simplicity and naturalness
  4. Problem-centering
  5. The need for privacy
  6. Autonomy
  7. Continued freshness of appreciation
  8. The peak experience
  9. Gemeinschaftsgefuhl (Adler’s term for social interest, community feeling or a sense of oneness with all humanity
  10. Profound interpersonal relations
  11. The democratic character structure
  12. Discrimination between means and ends
  13. Philosophical sense of humor
  14. Creativeness
  15. Resistance to enculturation
69
Q

Jonah complex

A

fear of being one’s best

69
Q

Jonah complex is characterized by

A

Characterized by attempts to run away from one’s destiny, representing a fear of success, a fear of being one’s best, and feeling of awesomeness in the presence of beauty and perfection

70
Q

Everyone has a private ambition to be great, to be famous, to be known,
but

A

but compare themselves with those who have accomplished greatness, they are appalled by their own arrogance, thus lower their aspirations, feel stupid and humble, adopt the self-defeating approach of running away from the realization of their full potential.

71
Q

Psychotherapy in Maslow (aim)

A

Aim of therapy is to embrace the B-values

72
Q

Individuals in Psychotheraphy must

A

Must be free from their dependency on others so that their natural impulse toward growth and self-actualization could become active

73
Q

Maslow psychotherapy is largely on

A

It is largely an interpersonal process and through a warm, loving, interpersonal relationship with the therapist, the client gains satisfaction of love and belongingness needs and thereby acquires feelings of confidence and self-worth.

74
Q

Maslow’s theory has been criticized as being

A

Maslow’s theory has been criticized as being unscientific, using uncontrolled and unreliable research techniques.

75
Q

3 evaluation of Maslow’s theory

A

Maslow’s theory has been criticized as being unscientific, using uncontrolled and unreliable research techniques.
His subjects were partially selected and has personal attachment to him

Some individuals seem to become productive and creative even though they have not embraced all the B values or not yet reached self-actualization.

He tended to use ambiguous terms and inconsistent with parts of his theory.

PSYC 04: TOP (19 decks)

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