Lecture 9. Sullivan Flashcards
Interpersonal Theory is aka
Interpersonal Psychoanalysis or Interpersonal Theory of Psychiatry
Harry Sullivan is father of?
Father of Interpersonal Psychiatry
Interpersonal Theory stressed the importance
stressed the importance of formative periods from infancy to later life which affected the adjustment of an individual
Sullivan believes that all human beings are
a product of interpersonal contacts that he makes through life
Tension
a part of life that has good and bad effects
Tension from early stage
From an early stage, one lives with tension, and as he matures, he learns to adapt to the condition of the state of experience through the use of self-system, personification and cognitive experience.
Nationality of Sullivan
American Psychiatrist
Two older brothers
Each of his two older brothers who were both born in February died of terrible convulsions before turning one year old, and thus his mother was terrified that Harry will eventually die himselg
Effect of deaths of previous children and fearing Harry’s death
rumored to be the reasons of alleged nervous breakdown of his mother, and Harry was sent to live with his maternal grandmother
Family Status of Sullivan
quite poor and live in a rural farm, on a poor part of the town
Father of Sullivan
was recluse, worked hard and described as poor Irish Catholic farmer
Harry Sullivan in Schooo
Harry did well in school but had few friends due to poor family background
Older Childhood Friend of Sullivan
Clarence Bellinger who was a psychiatrist but had falling out with harry and spoke poorly of him as an adult
In his career as psychiatrist and psychoanalyst, he met
Clara Thompson who shared his disagreement with Freud’s theory, had been engaged with her for a day and broke off the next morning
Other psychologicists Harry worked with
Horney, Fromm and his first wife Frieda and formed the Zodiac Group
Harry is known for
his works of schizophrenia and his treatment are innovative and experimental but a great success
Harry’s works focused on
interpersonal relationships and effects of loneliness on mental health
Harry’s work centered on
understanding interpersonal relationships and his research become the basis for a field of psychology known as interpersonal psychoanalysis
Sullivan wrote repeatedly that personality is?
pure entity, an “illusion” which cannot be observed or studied apart from interpersonal relationships or is not the person
The organization of personality consists of?
interpersonal events rather than intrapsychic ones
Personality manifests itself with the?
behavior a person shows in relation to one or more other individuals
People’s presence
People do not need to be present, they may be illusionary or nonexistent figures
What process are interpersonal in nature?
Perceiving, thinking, recalling, imagining and all other psychological processes
Anxiety in Interpersonal Theory
Anxiety is the product of interpersonal relations being transmitted from the mother to the infant, and in later life, by threats to one’s security
Basic Anxiety
fear of rejection from significant persons
Sullivan believes that a young child
was made to feel anxious for reasons that would not exist in a more rational society, thus the young child is forced to adopt unnatural and unrealistic ways of dealing with anxiety
Three Types of Self
Good-me, Bad-me, Not-me
Good-me
results to conformity to the society’s norms to avoid punishment and rejection from interpersonal relationships
Good-me represents
what people like about themselves and willing to share with others
Bad-me
develops in response to negative feedback with feelings of discomfort, displeasure and distress
Bad-me represents
what people dislike about themselves and not willing to share, that creates anxiety
Not-me
the aspects of the self that is so anxiety provoking that the person doesn’t consider them as part of a person
Not-me contains feelings of?
horror, dread, terror
Not me are primarily
unconscious (disassociate coping), unknown and repressed
Sullivan believed that all psychological disorders
have interpersonal origin and cam be understood only with the reference to the patient’s social environment
2 Needs to understand person’s drive for behavior
Satisfaction (sleep, sex, hunger)
Security (conforming to social norms to a person’s reference group)
2 Structures of Personality
Dynamism, Personification and Cognitive
Dynamism
smallest unit that is employed int the study of individuals
Another definition of Dynamism
relatively enduring pattern of energy transformation which currently characterizes the organism in its duration as a living organism
Self-System
protective measures to sanction certain forms of behavior (good me self) and other forms (bad me self)
Personification
image of an individual has of himself or or another person
Personification is a complex web of
feelings, attitudes and conceptions that grows out of experience with need satisfaction and anxiety
Personification is shared with
shared with other people (stereotypes) and are consensually validated conceptions such as ideas having wide acceptance in a society and passed from generation to generation
Threefold Modes of Experiences
Protaxic, Parataxic and Syntaxic
Protaxic Experience
streams of consciousness
raw sensation, images and feelings
Parataxic Experience
casual relationship between events that occur at about the same time but not logically related
Syntaxic Experience
consensually validated symbol activity with a verbal nature
Synatix Experience produces
produces logical order among experiences enables people to communicate with one another
Foresight
important in cognitive functioning
Foresight depends upon
one’s memory of past and interpretation of the present
”?” in Cognitive Structure of Personality
“Man, the person, lives with his past, the present and the neigboring future all clearly relevant in explaining his thiught and action”
Stages of Development is also called as
Developmental Epochs or Heuristic Stages in Development
7 Stages of Development
Infantile Stage
Transition from Infancy to Childhood
Juvenile Stage
Pre Adolescence
Early Adolescence
Late adolescence
Adulthood
Infantile stage extends from
birth to the appearance of articulate speech (birth-1 year)
The primary zone of interaction between the baby and the environment in infantile stage
Oral Zone
Other characteristic behavior in Infantile stage
1) Apathy Dynamism and detachment
2) Personification - bad, anxious, rejecting and frustrating mother, and good, relaxed, accepting, and satisfying mother
3) Self-System
4) differentiation of mothering one - motor and sensory skills
Transition from Infancy to Childhood Age
1-5 years old
Transition from Infancy to Childhood starts with
Starts with learning language and the organization of experiences in syntaxic mode
transition from Infancy to extends from
from the emergence of articulate speech to the appearance of the need for playmates.
The growth of symbolic ability enables the child to
play being a grown up
juvenile Stage age
6-8 years old
juvenile Stage extends
Extends throughout most of the grammar school years.
juvenile Stage is a period for
A period for becoming social, for acquiring experiences of subordination to authority figures outside the family, for becoming competitive and cooperative, for leaning the meaning of ostracism, disparagement and group feelings
pre Adolescence age
9-12 years old
pre Adolescence is marked by
Marked by the need for an intimate relationship with a peer of the same sex, a friend with whom one can confide in and with whom one can collaborate in meeting the tasks and solving the problems in life.
In Pre Adolescence, close friendships assists the child in
The close friendships assists the child in developing self-esteem and serves as practice for later relationships
Early Adolescence Age
13-17 years old
Friendships in Early Adolescence
Friendship takes on a sexual dimension, and the focus on relationships with peers shifts toward romantic interests
Sense of Self worth in Early Adolescence
Sense of self-worth is based in large part upon the person’s perceived sexual attractiveness.
Late adolescence
A prolonged initiation into privileges, duties, satisfaction and responsibilities of social living and citizenry
Late Adolescence Age
18-22 years old
Conflicts in Late adolescence
Thus, creating conflicts between parental control and the desire to form an independent identity, while beginning to focus on both romance and friendship
Adulthood age
23 years old and onwards
Primary Struggles of Adulthood
The primary struggles of adulthood include family, financial security, and a rewarding career.
