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PSYC 04: TOP > Lecture 2. Psychoanalytical Theory > Flashcards

Lecture 2. Psychoanalytical Theory Flashcards

1
Q

What is a Theory?

A

set of related assumptions that allow scientists to use logical deductive reasoning to formulate testable hypotheses

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2
Q

Set

A

not from a single concept, idea or assumption

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3
Q

Related

A

integrative, not isolated, capable of generating meaningful hypothesis and possessing internal consistency

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4
Q

Assumptions

A

not proven facts but accepted as if they were true.

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5
Q

Logical Deductive Reasoning

A

to create meaning and contribute to the ongoing process of theory construction

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6
Q

Testable

A

suggests the possibility for future scientists to develop the necessary means to test the assumptions of the theory

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7
Q

Why do we have so many different theories of personality?

A
  1. To further prove and explain the objectivity in gathering data.
  2. Divergent theories can be useful references for agreement or contrast with other theories
  3. To further generate research and explain research data and other observations
  4. The nature of theory dictates having continuous speculations and assumptions in a particular perspective
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8
Q

Does TOP based on personalities from the theorists’?

A

• All personality theories are a reflection of the authors’ personal background, childhood experiences, philosophy of life, interpersonal relationships, and unique manner of looking at the world.
• An understanding of theories of personality rests on information regarding the historical, social and psychological worlds of each theorist at the time of his/her theorizing.

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9
Q

What makes a theory useful (6)?

A

Generates Data, Falsifiable, Organizes Data, Guides Action, Internally Consistent, Parsimonious

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10
Q

Explain why theory is useful for how it generates data.

A

> Has the ability to stimulate and guide further research.
Has a mutual and dynamic interaction with research data

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11
Q

Two different kinds of research

A

Can generate two different kinds of research:

Descriptive - expanding the existing theory

Hypothesis testing - add to a database to reshape and enlarge the theory

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12
Q

Explain why theory is useful for how it is falsifiable

A

> Has the ability to be confirmed or disconfirmed.
Must show precision to its concepts which research can refute or support
Accountable to experimental results and reinforces connection with research
Possibility to verify or falsify through research

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13
Q

Explain why theory is useful for how it organizes data

A

Capable of integrating what is currently known.
> To shape as many bits of information as possible into a meaningful arrangement.
> To offer a reasonable explanation of something not readily understood

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14
Q

Explain why theory is useful for how it guides action

A

> Provides a structure to plan of actions, discern a suitable course of plan with a sound orientation or framework
Stimulates thought and action in other disciplines and broad range of scholarly fields

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15
Q

Explain why theory is useful for how it is internally consistent

A

> Components are logically compatible.
Its limitations of scope are carefully defined and it does not offer explanation outside its bounds of scope.
Uses language consistently, uses concepts and terms clearly and operationally

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16
Q

Explain why theory is useful for how it is parisminious

A

> Simple, straightforward, understandable
Does not weigh on complicated concepts and esoteric language

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17
Q

Law of Parsimony

A

“plurality should not be posited without necessity.”

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18
Q

Nationality of Sigmund Freud, place, and age death

A

Austrian, From Czech Republic and died at age 83

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19
Q

Acc. to Freud, a person develops during the age of? Because?

A

According to Freud a person develops personality at the age of 5 based on his experience about the guilt he felt on death wishing his brother.

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20
Q

Freud Birth Order and relationship with siblings or parents

A

The first-born among 7 siblings, who he is not close with anyone, and the favorite of his mother.

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21
Q

About Freud’s younger brother

A

Upon birth of second-born, he harbored a death wish for his brother, who died at age 6 months, and carried this guilt up to his adulthood.

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22
Q

Learned to treat hysteria from

A

Jean Marie Charcot

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23
Q

Learned catharsis from

A

Josef Breuer

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24
Q

Catharsis

A

Catharsis - happens in a daily basis of life

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25
Q

What Freud discovered wtih the help from Jean Marie and Josef?

A

Wherein which free association technique was discovered, leading to hypnosis.

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26
Q

What was produced after focusing on hysteria?

A

With focus on hysteria, psychical analysis was introduced, and later called psychoanalysis.

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27
Q

Three Levels of Mental Life

A

Conscious, Preconscious and Unconscious

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28
Q

Conscious

A

> Very neutral, no threat or intimidation
mental elements of awareness at any given point in time.
Perceptions that are not too threatening and threatening but disguised as defensive behaviors or dream elements.

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29
Q

Preconscious

A

> There is some threat but ignores and disregards even though one is completely aware of it; sometimes coats with defense mechanism
perceived consciousness in a transitory period, or and threatening but disguised as defensive behaviors, slip of the tongue or dream elements.

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30
Q

Unconscious

A

> contains all those drives, urges, instincts beyond awareness motivating words, feelings and actions
Freud most interested in
People are completely unaware

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31
Q

Tapping the Unconscious Mind (4)

A

Free Association, Dream Analysis, Everyday Life and Humor

32
Q

Free Association

A

> the fundamental rule of psychoanalysis, where one is encouraged to speak freely and report whatever their thoughts were, regardless of irrelevance or insignificance
Bringing out your catharsis

33
Q

Dream Analysis

A

dreams are camouflaged or disguised thoughts

34
Q

Two types of Dream

A

Manifest - straightforward; Latent - hidden and represents indirect feelings

35
Q

3 Types of Dream Distortion

A
  1. Condensation - Wishful thinking
  2. Synthesis - Summary of your day
  3. Dislocation - Thinking of another thing or somewhere
36
Q

Everyday Life

A

> all human behaviors have a cause, nothing happened simply by chance.
1. Lapses of memory
2. Slips of the tongue (Freudian slip)

37
Q

Humor

A

> for a joke to be funny it must contain anxiety provoking material
we laugh only at the things that bother us
Jokes people say = indication of disturbed areas in life

38
Q

3 Structures of Personality aka?

A

Provinces of the Mind
Id, Ego, Superego

39
Q

Id

A

> most primitive part of the mind.
At birth it is pure, natural, instinctual and exists completely on the unconscious level.
demands immediate satisfaction of bodily needs and is governed by the Pleasure Principle.
unrealistic, illogical and entertains incompatible ideas.
No contact in reality
No sense of responsibility and often blame others

40
Q

Ego

A

> in contact with reality and the adult in you
Mediates with Id and Superego and deals with the external world.
Acts on Reality Principle.

41
Q

Superego

A

represents the moral and ideal aspects of personality and is guided by Moralistic & Idealistic Principles.
grows out of the ego, but has no contact with reality, therefore is unrealistic in its demands for perfection.
divided to conscience and ego-ideal

42
Q

What is in Psychosis?

A

In Psychosis, there is no superego, and ego is ruled by id, it empowers the two

43
Q

Dynamics of Personality and 2 Types

A

motivational principle behind people’s action
Drives & Anxiety

44
Q

Drives

A

characterized by an impetus, a source, an aim and an object.

45
Q

Two Headings of Drives

A

Sex (Eros) or libido (sex drive)
• Aka. life instinct
• reduction of sexual tension

Aggression, distraction or Thanatos
• death instinct or destruction drive
• return the organism to an inorganic state

46
Q

Anxiety

A

• result of the conflict between id, superego and external world
• unpleasantly felt, accompanied by physical sensation, a warning of danger

47
Q

3 Types of Anxiety

A

Reality, Neurotic and Moral

48
Q

Reality Anxiety

A

• real, objective sources of danger in the environment
• Closely related to fear

49
Q

Neurotic Anxiety

A

fear that id will overwhelm ego and cause for punishment

Always ruled by id; one may give in

50
Q

Moral Anxiety

A

> fear that superego will not be headed and result to guilt
stems from the conflict between the ego and the superego

51
Q

What is Defense Mechanisms?

A

Defense against anxiety by distorting or denying.
Exists to handle our neurotic anxiety

52
Q

Are DF healthy or unhealthy? What results if it is unhealthy?

A

These are all healthy and unhealthy depending on moderation of use
Unhealthy leads to distress, deviance, dysfucntion and danger - 4 D’s of Abnormality

53
Q

What are the 11 Defense Mechanisms?

A

Repression, Displacement, Introjection, Reaction Formation, Projection, Rationalization, Regression, Denial, Intellectualization, Sublimation, Fixation

54
Q

Repression

A

Pushing thoughts into our unconscious

55
Q

Displacement

A

Redirecting one’s feelings toward another person to less threatening things

56
Q

Introjection

A

to increase personal feelings of worth by taking on the characteristics of someone viewed successful

57
Q

Reaction Formation

A

expressing the opposite of how one truly feels.

58
Q

Projection

A

An unaccepted feeling, trait or doing is repressed and seen in someone else instead

59
Q

Rationalization

A

Coming up with a beneficial result of an undesirable outcome.
Sweet-lemon or sour-grape

60
Q

Regression

A

Returning to an earlier, comforting form of behavior

61
Q

Denial

A

not accepting the ego - threatening truth

62
Q

Intellectualization

A

Undertaking an academic, unemotional study of a topic to cover up feelings/anxiety

63
Q

Sublimation

A

Channeling one’s frustration toward something creative and cultural accomplishment.

64
Q

Fixation

A

permanent attachment of the libido onto an earlier, more primitive stage of development

65
Q

Psychosexual Stages of Development

A

Every child goes through a sequence of developmental stages and these experiences determine personality characteristics that will persist in a lifetime.

almost exclusively a discussion of early childhood and that adult personality is formed by the end of 5th year of life.

Each stage has an erogenous zone as the source of stimulation and pleasure.

66
Q

5 Stages of Psychosexual Development

A

Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latency and Genital

67
Q

Oral Stage

A

Birth to 12 months

Infant’s pleasure centers on mouth sucking

A child may either be well fed or neglected

68
Q

Anal Stage

A

1 to 3 year
Continues
Child’s pleasure focuses on anus and from elimination
Toilet training and relationship between parents

69
Q

Proper Toilet Training? Unstructured Toilet Training?

A

Achild may either have proper toilet training that will result and grow as: person with trust issues, thrifty, selective in friends and meticulous

If unstructured toilet training:
Disorganized person

70
Q

Phallic Stage

A

3 to 6 years

Acc. to Freud, if what a person identify himself during this stage, his sexuality is already determined until he grow up

Child’s pleasure focuses on genitals
Oedipus (Boys)
Elektra (Girls)

Penis envy

71
Q

Latency Stage

A

7 to 11 years

Child represses sexual interest and develops social and intellectual skills

An interlude

72
Q

Genital Stage

A

Puberty onward

A time of sexual awakening; source of sexual pleasure becomes someone outside the family

73
Q

5 Application of Psychoanalytical Theory

A

Birth Trauma, Free Association Technique & Therapy, Transference & Counterference, Dream Analysis & Wish Fulfillment, Freudian Slips

74
Q

Free Association Technique & Therapy

A

Heals inner child; past haunts someone when they repress too much causing anxiety

75
Q

Was his case studies objective and results empirically verifiable?

A

No, his case studies are conducted subjectively in his interpretation. It is unique and owned.

76
Q

Did Freud understand women, gender and sexuality?

A

No, he believes that at age 5, sexuality is already built and focused entirely on male.

77
Q

Is Freud’s personality theory useful?

A

Yes, it is useful even if it lacks internal consistency ,and not parsimoniously created.

PSYC 04: TOP (19 decks)

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