Lecture 4. Jung Flashcards
Carl Gustav Jung nationality, birthday and parents
Swiss Psychologist
Born July 26, 1875, in Switzerland to a family where religion and medicine are prevalent, a known maternal practices of mysticism, spiritualism and occult beliefs.
Carl Jung & Siblings
Younger years were lived as an only child (older brother died 3 days post-natal, and younger sister born after 9 years)
Carl Jung Relationship with her mother
Had a stronger attachment to his mother, despite her erratic/unstable qualities and was separated from her at one point, where his distrustfulness was associated
What did he discover after they migrated or changed residence?
A change in the family’s residence brought about his earliest dream stems which led to his concept of collective unconscious.
Carl Jung’s Personality
Described himself of having 2 personalities,
No.1 a reflection of something other than himself, feelings and intuitions (introverted)
No. 2 as not perceptive, but conscious and dominant (extroverted)
Correspondence with Freud
had correspondence with Freud as he establish his own career, and although he did not agree with his theory especially in the interpretation of dreams, Freud had warm personal feelings for Jung, selecting him as the 1st president of the International Psychoanalytic Association.
reason between Freud’s and Jung breakup??HAHAHA and the result
Eventually, Jung’s personal and theoretical differences with Freud led to their falling out and as a farewell
Jung confessed that he had boundless admiration, religious crush and undeniable erotic undertone feelings for Freud.
This break caused him to undergo self-analysis and to have a ‘creative illness’ and was able to complete his theory of personality
Three Levels of Psyche
Conscious, Personal Unconscious, Collective Unconscious
Conscious represents and overemphasis results to
represents images sensed by the ego — the center of consciousness but not the core of personality; secondary to the unconscious self, but must be completed to have a more comprehensive self.
Overemphasis of the consciousness → psychological imbalance
What can be achieved in the conscious and what is its meaning?
Individualization may only be achieved if they are in contact with the conscious world but allow themselves to experience their unconscious self.
Personal Unconscious embraces and includes?
embraces all repressed, forgotten or subliminally perceived experiences of a person.
Includes infantile memories and impulses, forgotten events and experiences originally perceived below the threshold of our consciousness.
Ego for Jung
the center of consciousness but not the core of personality; secondary to the unconscious self, but must be completed to have a more comprehensive self.
Personal Unconscious is based
from personal experiences and therefore unique to everyone else
The contents of personal unconscious
Complex
Complex
emotionally toned collection of associated ideas
Complex as human experiences?
may be personal or collective
Collective Unconscious
has roots in the ancestral past of the entire species.
inherited and passed from one generation to the next as psychic potential — the contents are more or less the same for people in all cultures
Describe contents of Collective Unconscious
contents are not dormant but active and influential to a person’s thoughts, emotions and actions.
Collective Unconscious do not refer to?
do not refer to inherited ideas but rather to humans’ innate tendency to react in a particular way whenever their experiences stimulate a biologically inherited response tendency.
Archetypes
the core of every complex
ancient or archaic images derived from the collective unconscious.
Similarity and Differences in Complexes
Similar to complexes — a collection of emotionally toned associated images but in contrast, archetypes are generalized rather than individualized
Archetypes in Relation to Instinct
different from Instincts (unconscious physical impulse toward action), instead is the psychic counterpart of an instinct, but both help shape personality
How all humans are psychologically bisexual?
All humans are psychologically bisexual (innate personality) possessing both a masculine and feminine side and these originated experiences with men/women to form a generalized picture of a man/woman
If conscious recognition is not given to any component of the psyche, archetypes will?
If conscious recognition is not given to any component of the psyche → will not disappear; forced to manifest itself in the unconscious level at which its effect is uncontrolled and irrational.
Archetypes serves as
serve as frameworks on how male/female interact with the opposite sex.
If the male/female insists that a particular woman/man should correspond to his/her innate images of a women/men → the relationship will fail.
8 Most Notable Archetypes
Anima, Animus, Shadow, Persona, Great Mother, Wise Old Man, Hero, Self
Anima
female component of male psyche and represents irrational moods and feelings.
Animus
male component of female psyche and symbolic of thinking and reasoning.
Persona
Greek for Mask, One’s Public Self, referenced from the masks worn by actors in the early theater.
Created by experiences which had to make accommodations to the outside world
Develops because of one’s need to play a role in the society — the part or our psyche which is known to others
What you choose to show to others
Shadow
archetype of darkness and repression, represents those qualities we do not wish to acknowledge but attempt to hide from ourselves and others.
Shadow as part of collective unconscious
part of the collective unconscious that we inherited from our pre-human ancestors and contains all animal instincts.
Shadow Tendencies and what it seeks?
tendency to be immoral, aggressive and passionate.
seeks outward manifestation and is projected as devils, monsters and evil spirits.
Great Mother
a preexisting concept of mother associated with both positive and negative feelings.
2 Types of Great Mother
Fertility and nourishment (producing and sustaining life) & power and destruction (ruthless, neglect)
Related Archetype of Great Mother and its description
Rebirth represented by processes such as reincarnation, baptism, resurrection and individualization
innate desire to reach self-realization, nirvana, heaven or perfection
Wise Old Man
archetype of wisdom and meaning, symbolizing humans’ pre-existing knowledge of the mysteries of life.
Wise old man in individual’s life
Unconscious in nature and cannot be directly experienced by a single individual
Person dominated with Wise Old man Archetype and examples of people?
person dominated by this archetype may have followers, but cannot exactly and directly impart wisdom to them.
Political, religious, and social prophets who appeal to reason and emotion are guided by this archetype
“The child is the father of the man”
it doesn’t mean that you’re older, you are wiser. sometimes you need to see things in the eyes of a child
Hero
represented in mythology and legends as powerful person, god or demigod, fighting against great odds to conquer or vanquish evil
Description of Hero
always has its weakness and may be vanquished himself, as a sacrifice or due to betrayal, but remaining pure and innocent.
Hero is based
based on the fascination for heroes conquering villains, freeing from feelings of impotence and misery, serving as model for the ideal personality
Self
inherited tendency to move toward growth, perfection, and completion.
Why Self is the most comprehensive archetype.
most comprehensive and the archetype of archetypes, pulling together other archetypes and unites in the process of self realization
Self is symbolised
Symbolized by the person’s ideas of perfection, completion and wholeness,
Ultimate Symbol of Self and what is it about?
Mandala representing the strivings of the collective unconscious for unity, balance and wholeness.
Mandala Purpose of Creation
Creating this makes use of the creative side of your brain rather than the analytical side
Mandala is used in Hindu Buddhist as?
Used in Hindu, Buddhist as a symbolic diagram utilized in sacred rites performances specific for meditation.
Mandala is used in China, Japan and Tibet to represent?
Used in China, Japan and Tibet to represent different aspects of the universe
In Jung’s viewz what is the essence of mandala production?
In his view, the spontaneous production of a mandala is a step in the individuation process—a central concept in Jung’s psychological theory—and represents an attempt by the conscious self to integrate hitherto unconscious material.
Two Orientations, Attitudes or Predisposition of Psyche
Introversion & Extroversion
Introversion
inward towards the subjective world of the individual.
tends to be quiet, imaginative and more interested in ideas than in other people
Extroversion
outward towards the external environment.
tends to be sociable, outgoing and interested in people and things.
4 Functions of Thought
Sensing, Thinking, Feeling and Intuiting
Sensing
detects the presence of things, something is there but does not indicate what is
Thinking
tells what a thing is.
gives names to things that are sensed
Feeling
tells whether a thing is acceptable or unacceptable, liking or disliking
Intuiting
hunches about past or future events when factual information is not available
Stages of Development
Childhood, Young Adulthood/Youth, Middle Life and Old Age
Childhood
birth to adolescence
Libidinal Energy in childhood
libidinal energy is expended on learning to walk, talk, and other skills necessary for survival.
At 5th year, libidinal energy is directed towards sexual activities, reaching its peak at adolescence
Substages in Childhood
Anarchic, Monarchic, Dualistic
Anarchic Substage of Childhood
chaotic and sporadic consciousness
Monarchic Substage of Childhood
ego development, beginning logic and verbal thinking
Dualistic
established ego, aware of existence as separate individuals, structured consciousness
adolescence to middle age
Young Adulthood
Young Adulthood
gaining psychic and physical independence, libidinal energy is directed towards learning a vocation, getting married, raising children and activities related to establishing a place in the world.
Major Difficulty during Young Adulthood
overcome the tendency to cling to the narrow consciousness of childhood, thus avoiding problems pertinent to adult life
Middle Life Age Span
35-40 to 60 years old
Old Age
acceptance of death, and dealing with fear of death is crucial in this stage.
What is heightened in Old Age and how ut will be achieved?
Rebirth, self-realization — heightened in this stage and these will only be achieved if the older adult will accept that death is the goal of life and that life can be fulfilling only when death is seen in this light.
Self Realization
the process of becoming an individual or whole person
integrating the opposite poles into a single homogeneous individual.
“coming to selfhood”
means that a person has all psychological components functioning in unity, with no psychic process atrophying.
Principle of Equivalence
If a particular value weakens or disappears, the sum of energy represented by the value will not be lost from the psyche but will reappear of another value.
Principle of Entropy
The distribution of energy in the psyche seeks an equilibrium or balance.
Two values are of unequal strength → energy will tend to pass from the stronger value to the weaker value until a balance is reached
Causality
what a person will become is a function of what one has been in the past
Teleology
human behavior has a purpose, it is drawn by the future as much as it is pushed by the past
Psychic Energy is
not always moving forward
Progression
forward flow of psychic energy, inclines a person to react consistently to a given set of environmental conditions
Regression
backward flow of psychic energy, activates the unconscious psyche, a necessary backward step in the successful attainment of the goal
Acknowledging you don’t progress everytime
Jung’s method of investigation
Word Association Test, Dream Analysis, Active Imagination, Psychotherapy
Word Association Test
Used to detect complexes.
Length of time to respond, breathing rate, delayed reactions, multiple responses, disregard of instructions, stammering, blushing, laughing and electroconductivity of the skin are measured and given close attention.
Dream Analysis
to uncover elements from the personal and collective unconscious and to integrate them into consciousness in order to facilitate the process of self-realization
Active Imagination
Begins with imagining any impressions and to freely communicate with these images, to discover their personal and collective unconscious.
Variation in Active Imagination
A variation of imagining will be drawing, painting or expressing nonverbally the progression of fantasies
Psychotherapy
confession of a pathogenic secret (cathartic method, adapted from Breuer)
interpretation, explanation and elucidation (adapted from Freud)
education of patients as social beings (adapted from Adler)
transformation-working towards self realization
Strong Points of Jung
First to discuss on the process of self-realization (actualization) and collective unconscious
First to emphasize the importance of the future in determining human behavior
Stressed the importance of purpose and meaning in life
Proposed a self that unifies all polarities, positive and negative, past, present and future
Weak Points of Jung
Cannot be empirically verified, not systematic and gave too much emphasis on occultism, spiritualism, mysticism and religion
Practicality is low, considering that the collective unconscious cannot be easily tested through empirical research.
For parsimony, Jung’s theory is quite low, as he is branded for being elitist in his concepts of selfrealization, and concepts such as the archetypes show complexities
