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Neuroanatomy and Physiology > Lecture 9b- Cranial Nerves 5, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12 > Flashcards

Lecture 9b- Cranial Nerves 5, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12 Flashcards

1
Q

What nerve is CN5?

A

trigeminal

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2
Q

CN5 has somatosensory neurons from skin, muscle, and joint conscious sensor receptors of the anterior / head.

A

2/3

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3
Q

CN5 has somatomotor neurons to muscles of __________ and tempor tympani.

A

mastication

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4
Q

What is the sensory pathway of CN5?

A
  • cutaneous sensation from upper (opthalmic), middle (maxillary), and lower (mandibular) branches of CN5
  • trigeminal (semilunar) ganglion
  • trigeminal nerve
  • trigeminal sensory nuclei
  • most cross near level of secondary nucleus
  • VPM of thalamus
  • infereior postcentral gyrus
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5
Q

The opthalmic branch of CN5 goes through what fissure and supplies what structures?

A
  • superior orbital fissure

- forehead, cornea, upper eyelid, dorsum of nose

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6
Q

The maxillary branch of CN5 goes through what foramen and supplies what structures?

A
  • foramen rotundum

- lower lid, lateral nose, cheek, upper jaw/teeth, palate, upper lip

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7
Q

The mandibular branch of CN5 goes through what foramen and supplies what structures?

A
  • foramen ovale

- lower lip, lower jaw/teeth, tongue, chin

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8
Q

The trigeminal (semilunar) ganglion contains the _____ of psuedounipolar primary sensory neurons and is located at the base of the __________.

A
  • soma

- sella turcica

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9
Q

The trigeminal nerve is the central axons of psuedounipolar sensory neuron and connects at the _______.

A

pons

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10
Q

The trigeminal sensory nuclei is where we synapse to get our __________ neuron.

A

secondary

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11
Q

The central axons carrying pain and temperature signals from face _______ from pons to the _______ and synapse with ____________________ nucleus.

A
  • descend
  • medulla
  • spinal trigeminal
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12
Q

The central axons carrying touch and proprioception signals from the face synapse with ________________ nucleus in the ______.

A
  • main sensory

- pons

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13
Q

The central axons carrying proprioception from the jaw synapse with the _________________ nucleus in the _____.

A
  • mesencephalic

- pons

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14
Q

Most sensory pathways of CN5 cross near the level of the _______ nucleus and ascend in ___________ but some remain uncrossed.

A
  • secondary

- trigeminal lemniscus

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15
Q

Sensory information from the trigeminal nerve goes to the ________- of the thalamus.

A

VPM

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16
Q

Where does the secondary neuron of the trigeminal nerve synapse with the tertiary neuron?

A

synapses at VPM

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17
Q

Where does the tertiary neuron of the trigeminal nerve go?

A

inferior postcentral gyrus

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18
Q

What is the motor pathway of CN5?

A
  • right and left precentral gyrus=upper motor neuron
  • corticobulbar tract
  • crossed and uncrossed, bilateral input to motor nucleus trigeminal nerve=lower motor neuron
  • trigeminal nerve
  • runs with mandibular nerve to muscles of mastication, mylohyoid, anterior belly digastric, tensor tympani
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19
Q

The upper motor neuron of the trigeminal nerve comes from the _________ homunculus at the precentral gyrus.

A

lateral

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20
Q

Is the motor pathway of CN5 involved with the corticobulbar or corticospinal tract?

A

corticobulbar (muscles of face, head, and neck)

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21
Q

The motor neurons of CN5 are both _________ and __________, with bilateral input to motor nucleus of __________ nerve=_______________.

A
  • crossed and uncrossed
  • trigeminal
  • lower motor neuron
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22
Q

The trigeminal nerve runs with the ________ nerve to what muscles?

A
  • mandibular

- muscles of mastication, mylohyoid, ant belly digastric, tensor tympani

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23
Q

GUSTATION (TASTE)

A

GUSTATION (TASTE)

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24
Q

Taste results from a ______ interaction between molecules in mouth and membrane ______ receptors on receptor cells in _________=sensory organ

A
  • chemical
  • chemo
  • taste buds
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25
Q

Taste buds are located in the papillae of what 4 structures?

A
  • tongue
  • soft palate
  • pharynx
  • larynx
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26
Q

Taste buds are composed of what 2 cells?

A
  • gustatory receptor cells (hair cells)

- basal cells

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27
Q

Gustatory receptor cells have long ___________ (gustatory hair) which extends to the surface through the taste _____; dendrites of cranial nerves synapse on gustatory receptor cells, in this case receptor cells ______ neurons.

A
  • microvilli
  • pore
  • are not
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28
Q

Basal cells are stem cells that develop into gustatory receptor cells and have a life span of ________

A

10 days

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29
Q
  • Receptors in the tip of the tongue are more sensitive to _______.
  • Receptors in the posterior tongue are more sensitive to _______.
  • Receptors in the lateral tongue are more sensitive to _______.
A
  • sweet
  • bitter
  • sour and salty

-This is the traditional view, the current view is that taste sensations arise from all regions

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30
Q

Like olfactory stimuli, we decrease our sensitivity to particular taste stimuli, what is this called? How long before we have complete…?

A
  • adaptation

- 1-5m for complete adaptation

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31
Q

What are the 9 parts of the gustatory pathway?

A
  • bite of food is chewed and dissolved into food molecules
  • food molecules dissolve in saliva
  • food molecules bind receptor on gustatory receptor hair cell
  • chemical messenger binds chemical gated channel on dendrite of pseudounipolar taste neuron
  • AP generated on peripheral process of pseudounipolar neuron of CN7,9, or 10
  • sensory ganglia for taste=primary sensory neuron (CN7=anterior 2/3 tongue; CN9=posterior 1/3 tongue; CN10=base of tongue/pharynx
  • central process enter the brain stem and travel in solitary tract
  • synapse on secondary neurons in the gustatory portion of solitary nucleus=secondary sensory neuron which projects crossed/uncrossed to tertiary neurons in VPM nucleus of thalamus (taste differentiation) and limbic system (emotional response to taste)
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32
Q

After food is dissolved into food molecules, the food molecules binds to receptors on ______________ cell.

A

gustatory receptor hair

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33
Q

Gustatory receptor hair cells release _______________ after food molecules bind to them.

A

-chemical messengers

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34
Q

Chemical messengers released from gustatory hair cells bind to chemical gated channels on dendrite of _______________ taste neuron.

A

pseudounipolar

35
Q

AP are generated on the ________________ of pseudounipolar neuron of CN_,_, and __.

A
  • peripheral

- 7,9,10

36
Q

The ______________ is a sensory ganglion of the facial nerve (CN7). It contains the cell bodies of the fibers responsible for conducting taste sensation from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue.

A

geniculate ganglion

37
Q

The _____________ is a sensory ganglion of the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN9). It contains the cell bodes of the fibers responsible for conduction taste sensation from the posterior one-third of the tongue.

A

inferior petrosal ganglia

38
Q

The _____________ is a sensory ganglion of the vagus nerve (CN10). It contains the cell bodes of the fibers responsible for conduction taste sensation from the base of the tongue/pharynx.

A

inferior ganglia of CN10

39
Q

The central process of the primary sensory neuron for taste enter the brain stem and travel on __________ tract.

A

solitary

40
Q

The primary sensory neuron for taste synapses with the secondary neuron in the __________ portion of the solitary nucleus. The secondary neuron projects _________/_______ bilateral to these two structures:

  1. ) Tertiary neuron located in the _______ nucleus of the thalamus and go to the bilateral cerebral cortex (________,__________) for taste __________.
  2. ) _______ system for ________ response to taste
A
  • gustatory
  • crossed/uncrossed
  • VPM
  • insula, inferior postcentral gyrus
  • differentiation
  • limbic
  • emotional response
41
Q

CN7=FACIAL NERVE

A

CN7=FACIAL NERVE

42
Q

What nerve is CN7?

A

facial

43
Q

What are the 4 neuron types of CN7?

A
  • special sensory for taste=pseudounipolar
  • somatosensory for proprioception of facial expression muscles; skin sensation posterior ear, external auditory meatus=pseudounipolar
  • somatamotor to muscles of facial expression and stapedius
  • autonomic motor (preganglionic parasympathetic)
44
Q

What is the somatosensory pathway of CN7?

A
  • receptors for proprioception of facial expression muscles; skin sensation posterior ear, external auditory meatus= pseudounipolar
  • geniculate ganglia located in petrous portion of temporal bone = primary sensory neuron
  • spinal (trigeminal) nuc. of CN5 = secondary sensory neuron
  • VPM of thalamus = tertiary sensory neuron
  • Ascend to contralateral postcentral gyrus = crossed
45
Q

Where are the 3 synapses located on the somatosensory pathway of CN7?

A

1st= geniculate ganglia
2nd= spinal (trigeminal) nuclei of CN5
3rd=VPM of thalamus

46
Q

CN7 also has _______ sensory for taste

A

special

47
Q

What is the somatomotor pathway of CN7 to muscles of facial expression?

A
  • precentral gyrus = upper motor neuron
  • corticobulbar tracts
  • facial nucleus = lower motor neuron at level of open medulla (upper facial muscles get bilateral (crossed and uncrossed))(lower facial muscles get contralateral (crossed only))
  • CN7 exits brainstem at junction of pons and medulla; leaves cranial cavity via stylomastoid foramen and divides into cutaneous nerves of parotid plexus providing motor to muscles of facial expression
48
Q

What are the 6 somatomotor distal branches of CN7 that provide motor to muscles of facial expression

A
  • auricular n
  • temporal branch
  • zygomatic branch
  • buccal branch
  • marginal (mandibular) branch
  • cervical branch
49
Q

In regards to the CN7 somatomotor pathway, upper facial muscles get _______ and lower facial muscles get ____________.

A
  • bilateral (crossed and uncrossed)

- contralateral

50
Q

CN7 somatomotor pathway leaves the cranial cavity at the junction of the ____ and _______. It leaves the cranial cavity via the ___________ foramen.

A
  • pons and medulla

- stylomastoid

51
Q

How does part of CN7 somatomotor pathway reach the stapedes muscle?

A

branch of CN7 enters petrous portion of temporal bone through internal acoustic meatus to innervate the stapedes

52
Q

What is the autonomic motor pathway of CN7 to lacrimal glands and submandibular/sublingual glands?

A
  • superior salivary nuc = parasympathetic preganglionic neurons in rostral open medulla
  • parasympathetic postganglionic cells in pterygopalatine and submandibular ganglia
53
Q

In regards to the CN7 autonomic motor pathway, pterygopalatine ganglia supplies _______ glands, while the submandibular ganglia supplies _________ glands.

A
  • lacrimal

- sumbandibular and sublingual salivary glands

54
Q

CN9=GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL NERVE

A

CN9=GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL NERVE

55
Q

What nerve is CN9?

A

glossopharyngeal

56
Q

What are the 5 neuron types of CN9?

A
  • somatosensory from posterior ear
  • special sensory for taste
  • visceral sensory from carotid sinus and body
  • somatomotor to stylopharyngeous muscle
  • autonomic motor (preganglionic parasympathetic) to salivary glands
57
Q

What is the somatosensory pathway of CN9?

A

-somatosensory from base of tongue posterior ear
-superior ganglion of CN9 = primary sensory neuron
-spinal (trigeminal) nucleus of CN5 = secondary sensory neuron
-goes to either sensory part of gag reflex w/ CN10
OR
-VPM of thalamus and crossed postcentral gyrus

58
Q

The somatosensory pathway of CN9 comes from the ________ ear.

A

posterior

59
Q

What are the 2 end points of the somatosensory pathway of CN9?

A
  • sensory part of gag reflex w/ CN10

- VPM to postcentral gyrus crossed

60
Q

CN9 also has _______ sensory for taste.

A

special

61
Q

What is the visceral sensory pathway of CN9?

A
  • carotid body and sinuses
  • solitary nucleus
  • cardiovascular reflex w/ CN10
62
Q

What is the somatomotor pathway of CN9 to the stylopharyngeus?

A
  • precentral gyrus = upper motor neuron
  • corticobulbar tracts
  • nucleus ambiguous in medulla = lower motor neuron
  • stylopharyngeus
63
Q

What is the autonomic motor pathway of CN9 to the parotid gland?

A
  • inferior salivary nuclei in medulla
  • otic ganglia = preganglionic neuron
  • parasympathetic postganglionic neuron in wall of parotid gland
  • parotid gland secretory cells
64
Q

CN10=VAGUS (WANDERING) NERVE

A

CN10=VAGUS (WANDERING) NERVE

65
Q

What nerve is CN10?

A

vagus

66
Q

What are the 5 neuron types of CN10?

A
  • somatosensory from posterior ear and external auditory canal
  • viscerosensory from organs of thorax and abdomen; aortic arch baro and chemo receptors
  • special sensory from taste buds on epiglottis and pharynx
  • somatomotor to pharyngeal and laryngeal muscles + palatoglossus of tongue
  • autonomic motor (preganglionic parasympathetic) to organs of thorax and abdomen
67
Q

What is the somatosensory pathway of CN10?

A
  • posterior ear and external auditory canal
  • superior (jugular) ganglion of CN10 = primary pseudounipolar neuron
  • spinal (trigeminal) nucleus of CN5
  • VPM of thalamus
  • contralateral postcentral gyrus
68
Q

The somatosensory pathway of CN10 comes from the ___________ ear and ______________ canal.

A
  • posterior

- external auditory

69
Q

CN10 also has ________ sensory for taste.

A

special

70
Q

What is the visceral sensory pathway of CN10?

A
  • aortic arch baro and chemoreceptors
  • inferior (no dose) ganglia of CN10
  • solitary nucleus
  • reflex cardiovascular control w/ dorsal motor nucleus of CN10
71
Q

The viscerosensory pathway of CN10 comes from the _______ and ________ receptors.

A

chemo and baroreceptors

72
Q

What is the somatomotor pathway of CN10?

A
  • precentral gyrus = upper motor neuron
  • corticobulbar
  • nucleus ambiguous = lower motor neuron
  • muscles of pharynx, larynx, and palatoglossus
73
Q

The somatomotor pathway of CN10 goes to the muscles of the _______ and ________, as well as

A
  • pharynx and larynx

- palatoglossus

74
Q

What is the autonomic (parasympathetic) motor pathway of CN10?

A
  • dorsal motor nucleus = preganglionic neuron
  • postganglionic neuron in wall of organ of innervation
  • neck, thorax (heart, lungs), abdominal organs
75
Q

CN11=SPINAL ACCESSORY NERVE

A

CN11=SPINAL ACCESSORY NERVE

76
Q

What nerve is CN11?

A

spinal accessory

77
Q

What is the only neuron type of CN11?

A

somatomotor to SCM and trapezius

78
Q

What is the somatomotor pathway of CN11?

A
  • precentral gyrus = upper motor neuron
  • corticospinal tract
  • cross over in decussation of pyramids
  • ventral horm C1-C5,6 = lower motor neuron
  • spinal accessory n. ascend vertebral canal
  • enter cranium via foramen magnum
  • exit cranium via jugular foramen
  • trapezius and SCM
79
Q

The somatomotor pathway of CN11 goes to what muscles?

A
  • SCM

- trapezius

80
Q

CN12=HYPOGLOSSAL NERVE

A

CN12=HYPOGLOSSAL NERVE

81
Q

What nerve is CN12?

A

hypoglossal

82
Q

What is the only neuron type of CN12?

A

Somatomotor to intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of tongue (except palatoglossus, CN10)

83
Q

What is the somatomotor pathway of CN12?

A
  • precentral gyrus = upper motor neuron
  • corticobulbar tract
  • cross over
  • hypoglossal nucleus = lower motor neuron
  • hypoglossal nerve
  • hypoglossal canal
  • branches to intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of tongue (except palatoglossus CN10)
84
Q

The somatomotor pathway of CN12 goes to what muscles?

A

intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of tongue, except for palatoglossus

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