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Neuro 3 > Lecture 9: Trigeminal Nerve (V) and Facial Nerve (VII) > Flashcards

Lecture 9: Trigeminal Nerve (V) and Facial Nerve (VII) Flashcards

1
Q

What number is the trigeminal nerve?

A

V

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2
Q

What is CN V?

A

Trigeminal Nerve

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3
Q

What is the function of the trigeminal nerve?

A

Sensory information to the face and motor to the jaw

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4
Q

What is CN VII?

A

Facial Nerve

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5
Q

What CN is the facial nerve?

A

CN VII

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6
Q

What is the function of the Trigeminal Nerve V?

A

Sensory innervation to the face and motor innervation to the jaw

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7
Q

What is the function of the facial nerve?

A

Motor innervation to the face

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8
Q

What are the three divisions of the Trigeminal Nerve V?

A

V1 - Ophthalmic
V2 - Maxillary
V3 - Mandibular

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9
Q

Where does the V1- Ophthalmic exit the skull?

A

The Superior Orbital Fissure

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10
Q

Where does V2 - Maxillary exit the skull?

A

The Foramen Rotundum

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11
Q

Where does V3 - Mandibular exit the skull?

A

The Foramen ovale

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12
Q

Where on the brain stem does the trigeminal nerve exit?

A

The pons

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13
Q

What nerve provides all sensation of the face?

A

The trigeminal nerve

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14
Q

What does V1 - Ophthalmic branch do?

A

Supplies sensation to the forehead

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15
Q

What does V3 - Mandibular branch do?

A

Supplies sensation and motor to the mandible

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16
Q

What does V2 - Maxillary branch innervate?

A

The cheek and upper teeth area

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17
Q

What are the two main functions of the Trigeminal Nerve (V)?

A

*Sensation and proprioception and pain/temperature information from the head
*Motor - Controls the muscles of mastication

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18
Q

What kind of nerve is V1 - Opthalamic?

A

Pure sensory

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19
Q

What kind of nerve is V2 - Maxillary?

A

Pure sensory

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20
Q

What kind of nerve is V3 - Mandibular?

A

Motor and Senory

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21
Q

What is the function of V1?

A

Sensation to the eye and forehead

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22
Q

What is the function of V2?

A

Sensory to the cheek and upper teeth

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23
Q

What is the function of V3?

A

Sensation to the mandible and lower teeth
Motor to the muscles of mastication

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24
Q

What is the trigeminal ganglion?

A

A collection of cell bodies in the PNS that house cell bodies of the trigeminal sensory afferents

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25
What areas does v1 provide sensation for?
*Skin to forehead and scalp *Upper eyelid, tip of the nose *Cornea and nasal cavity *Paranasal air sinuses (frontal) *Regulates corneal reflex
26
Through what branch does V1 supply sensation to the forehead and scalp?
The Supraorbital nerve
27
What is the Supraorbital nerve do?
The branch of V1 that supplies sensation to the ophthalmic division
28
What nerve regulates the corneal reflex?
V1
29
What nerves travel through the superior orbital fissure?
CN III CN IV CN VI CN V1
30
What areas does the V2 supply?
*Maxillary air sinus *General sensation to nasal cavity *Lower eyelid, skin of cheek, upper lip *Maxillary (upper) teeth and gums
31
What kind of nerve is V2?
Pure sensory
32
What nerve causes a toothache?
V2
33
What is the main branch of V2?
The infraorbital nerve
34
What kind of nerve is V3?
Sensory and Motor
35
What is the main branch of CN V?
V3
36
What are the sensory functions of V3?
*Sensation to lower lip, skin of mandible, chin *Sensation to mandibular teeth and gums (inferior alveolar nerve) *Sensation to Ant 2/3 of the tongue
37
What are the two main branches of the sensory portion of V3?
Inferior alveolar nerve Lingual nerve
38
What does the inferior alveolar nerve do?
Supplies sensation to the mandibular teeth and gums
39
What does the lingual nerve do?
Supply sensation to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue
40
What does the lingual nerve hitchhike on?
The chorda tympani which carries taste to the anterior 2/3 of the the tongue from CN VII
41
What is the general nerve pathway from V1, V2 and V3?
1. Sensory information from the V1, V2 or V3 is sensed 2. It then goes to the trigeminal ganglion (does not synapse 3. Synapses at a nucleus of the brainstem (which nucleus depends on the sensation) 4. It then synapse at the VPM (ventral posteromedial nucleus) of the thalamus 5. Then to the Contralateral primary sensory cortex
42
What are the trigeminal nucleus?
Three large nuclei in the brainstem where V1, V2 and V3 synapse
43
What are the three Trigeminal Nucleus?
*Spinal Nucleus *Chief/Main Nucleus *Mesencephalic Nucleus
44
What does the Spinal Nucleus sense?
Pain and temperature from V1, V2 and V3
45
What does the Chief/Main Nucleus sense?
Touch from V1, V2 and V3
46
What does the Mesencephalic nucleus sense?
Proprioceptive tone from the chewing muscles from V3
47
What nucleus senses pain and temperature from V1, V2 and V3?
The Spinal Nucleus
48
What nucleus senses touch from V1, V2 and V3?
The Chief/Main Nucleus
49
What nucleus sense proprioceptive tone from V3?
The Mesencephalic nucleus
50
What occurs at the Trigeminal Nucleus?
The trigeminal nerves synapse for the first time there
51
What is the pain pathway for below the head and neck?
The spinothalamic anterolateral pathway
52
What is the pathway of pain from V1, V2, and V3?
1. Pain is sensed in V1,V2 or V3 2. It synapses of the spinal trigeminal nucleus in the medulla and switches sides 3. It then travels up the trigeminothalamic tract to the VPM nucleus of the thalamus, where it synapses 4. It then travels to the contralateral primary sensory cortex
53
Where does the head pathway switch sides?
It switches when it synapses at the spinal trigeminal nucleus
54
Which trigeminal nucleus does the pain pathway of the head synapse?
The spinal trigeminal nucleus
55
Where does the pain pathway of the head synapse?
*Spinal trigeminal nucleus of the medulla *VPM nucleus of the thalamus
56
What is the order of neurons in the pain pathway of the head?
1. From V to spinal trigeminal nucleus 2. From spinal trigeminal nucleus to VPM 3. From VPM to contralateral primary sensory cortex
57
What nucleus does the light touch, pressure pathway of the head synapse one?
The chief nucleus
58
What is the light touch, pressure pathway of the head?
1. Light touch or pressure is sensed in V1, V2 and V3 2. It synapses at the chief nucleus in the pons and switches sides 3. It travels up the trigeminothalamic tracts to the VPM in the thalamus 4. The travels to the contralateral primary sensory cortex
59
Where does the light touch pain pathway of the head synapse?
At the Chief nucleus in the pons and the VPM of the thalamus
60
What is the order of neurons in the light touch pain pathway of the head?
1. From sense to chief nucleus in the pons 2. From chief nucleus in pons to VPM 3. From VPM to contralateral primary sensory cortex
61
Where does the light touch pain pathway of the head switch sides?
At the level of the pons when it synapses on the chief nucleus
62
What is the light touch pressure pathway of the head and neck analogous to?
The dorsal column medial lemniscal pathway
63
What are the differences between the dorsal column medial lemniscal pathway and the light touch pain pathway in the head?
The dorsal column medial lemniscal pathway doesn't cross over until it synapses at the medulla at the gracile or cuneate nucleus and synapse at the VPL nucleus of the thalamus
64
What does the Mesencephalic nucleus do?
Carries proprioceptive information from muscles of mastication to the brainstem to relay information on the force of a bite
65
What are the steps in the proprioception pathway (V3) of the head?
1. Proprioception from the chewing muscles is sensed 2. This then synapses at the mesencephalic nucleus and crosses sides 3. It then travels up the trigeminothalamic tract to the VPM nucleus of the thalamus 4. Then to the contralateral primary sensory cortex
66
Where does the V3 Proprioception pathway of the head cross over?
The Mesencephalic nucleus
67
Where does the V3 Proprioception pathway of the head synapse over?
The Mesencephalic nucleus and the mesencephalic nucleus
68
What is the Motor Trigeminal nucleus?
Another nucleus of the brainstem that sends it neurons through the mandibular nerve to the muscles of mastication
69
What are the Motor functions of the mandibular nerve?
It innervates the muscles of mastication: Masseter and Temporalis
70
What are the muscles of mastication?
The Masseter and the Temporalis
71
What do the masseter and temporalis muscle do?
Shuts the mandible
72
What nerve allows the jaw to shut?
V3
73
What nucleus in the thalamus do all the head pathways synapse at?
The VPM nucleus in the thalamus
74
Where do all the head pathways cross over?
At the brainstem when they synapse at the trigeminal nuclei
75
What are the characteristics of the innervation of UMN to the V3?
The innervation is bilateral meaning the the upper motor neuron innervates both sides because we don't just chew one side
76
What occurs in the Corticobulbar tract of V3?
The UMN in the primary motor cortex will act on the LMN in the trigeminal motor nucleus to allow the muscles of mastication to chew (bilaterally, so it innervates both sides)
77
What are the four parasympathetic neurons?
*Oculomotor (III) *Facial (VII) *Glossopharyngeal (IX) *Vagus (X)
78
What are the motor nerves in the head that receive bilateral innervation?
*Oculomotor (III) *Abducens (VI) *Trochlear (IV) *Trigeminal (Mandibular V3) *Facial (with exceptions) *Hypoglossal (XII)
79
What type of nerve is the Facial Nerve?
Mixed nerve - Motor, Sensory, Parasympathetic
80
What is the Motor function of the Facial Nerve?
*Muscles of facial expression *Stapedius
81
What is the sensory function of the Facial Nerve?
*Taste to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue (via chorda tympani) *Some sensory to skin around the ear (tragus)
82
What is the Parasympathetic function of the Facial Nerve?
*Lacrimal gland (eye) *Sublingual and submandibular salivary glands (below the tongue)
83
Where does the lingual nerve originate?
It is a branch of V3 mandibular nerve
84
Which nerve does the Facial Nerve (VII) sit close to?
The vestibulocochlear nerve
85
Where does the facial nerve exit the brainstem?
Between the pons and the medulla
86
Where does the Facial nerve exit the cranial vault?
Internal Acoustic Meatus
87
What innervates the stapedius muscle?
The facial nerve
88
What nerve supplies taste ti the anterior 2/3 of the tongue?
The facial nerve via the chorda tympani
89
What is the chorda tympani?
The part of the facial nerve that supplies taste to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue and joins the lingual nerve. The sublingual and submandibular glands innervated by the facial nerve also hitchhike onto the chorda tympani to join the lingual nerve
90
What are the five branches of the CN VII?
*Temporal *Zygomatic *Buccal *Marginal mandibular *Cervical
91
What is the stylomastoid foramen?
The part of the face that the facial nerve exits
92
What part of the face does the facial nerve exit?
The stylomastoid foramen
93
What nerve is responsible for the urge to blink during the corneal refelc?
Touch from V1 and motor from CN VII
94
What is interesting about the motor innervation of the face?
The top ⅓ of the face is bilaterally innervated meaning the nerves from both sides innervate both sides. So if there is a stroke on one side the other side is weak but can still move. The bottom ⅔ of the face is not bilaterally innervated meaning the one nerve innervates each side. So if there is a stroke in one nerve the side of the face that it innervates can’t move. The contralateral side can't move.
95
What does a LMN lesion in the motor pathway of the face cause?
Ipsilateral paralysis of entire 1/2 of face
96
What does an UMN lesion in the motor pathway of the face cause?
Contralateral paralysis of lower 2/3 of the face
97
Lingual nerve vs Chorda Tympani?
The lingual nerve is a branch of V3 that innervates sensation to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue. The Chorda tympani is a branch of the facial nerve that innervates taste to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue and it hitchhikes onto the lingual nerve
98
What synapses at the nucleus if the solitary tract?
Taste axons
99
Through which ganglion does the facial nerve innervate the submandibular and sublingual salivary glands?
The submandibular ganglion (V3)
100
What will the chorda tympani of CN VII contain?
*Parasympathetic innervation of the salivary glands *Taste to anterior 2/3 of the tongue
101
What allows for the eyeballs to stay moist?
The lacrimal innervation from CN VII and blinking
102
What is the superior salivatory nucleus?
Where the preganglionic parasympathetics from the facial nerve come out join with the chorda tympani and goes to the salivary glands
103
What is the nucleus of the solitary tract?
Where the taste axons of the facial nerve synapse

Neuro 3 (21 decks)

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