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Neuro 3 > Lecture 4: Blood Supply > Flashcards

Lecture 4: Blood Supply Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two main blood supplies to the brain?

A

•Internal Carotid
•Vertebral Basilar

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2
Q

What two main blood vessels does the Internal Carotid make?

A

•Middle Cerebral Artery (MCA)
•Anterior Cerebral Artery (ACA)

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3
Q

What main blood vessel does the Vertebral Basilar system make?

A

Posterior Cerebral Artery (PCA)

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4
Q

What are the two main blood vessels of the brain responsible for supplying?

A

•Internal Carotid - Anterior Circulation
•Vertebrobasilar System - Posterior Circulation

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5
Q

What does the External Carotid Artery supply?

A

The face, neck and middle meningeal artery

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6
Q

What does the Middle Meningeal artery arise from?

A

The External Carotid artery

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7
Q

What is the Anterior Part of the brain supplied by?

A

The Internal Carotid Artery

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8
Q

What is the Posterior Part of the brain supplied by?

A

The Vertebrobasilar system

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9
Q

What parts of the brain does the Internal Carotid Arterial System supply?

A

Frontal, Parietal and Temporal lobes

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10
Q

What parts of the brain does the Vertebrobasilar System supply?

A

Occipital lobe, cerebellum, brainstem, and upper cord

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11
Q

What blood system supplies the Frontal, Parietal and Temporal lobes?

A

Internal Carotid Arterial System

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12
Q

What blood system supplies the Occipital lobe, cerebellum, brainstem and upper cord?

A

Vertebro-basilar System

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13
Q

Where do the Internal Carotid Arterial System and the Vertebrobasilar System anastomose?

A

At the Circle of Willis

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14
Q

What is the Circle of Willis?

A

Where the Internal Carotid Arterial System and the Vertebro-basilar system anastomose at the base of the brain

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15
Q

What is the Circle of Willis composed of?

A

•Middle Cerebral Artery
•Posterior Communicating Artery
•Posterior Cerebral Artery
•Anterior Cerebral Artery
•Anterior Communicating Artery

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16
Q

What are the two beginning arteries of the Vertebro-basilar system?

A

The two Vertebral Arteries

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17
Q

What system are the Vertebral Arteries apart of?

A

The Vertebro-Basilar System

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18
Q

Describe the Vertebral Arteries?

A

•First paired arteries of the Vertebral Basilar system
•Protected by cervical vertebrae by vertebral foramen
•Climb up along with spinal cord to ventral surface of the medulla

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19
Q

What do the two Vertebral Arteries become?

A

They become the singular Basilar artery at the pontomedullary junction

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20
Q

Where do the two Vertebral Arteries become a singular artery?

A

They become the Basilar Artery at the Pontomedullary Junction

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21
Q

What branches off of the Vertebral Artery?

A

•Post Inferior Cerebellar Artery (PICA)
•Anterior Spinal Artery

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22
Q

Where does the Post Inferior Cerebellar Artery (PICA) come from?

A

It branches off of the Vertebral Artery

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23
Q

What does the Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Cerebellar Artery supply?

A

It supplies the posterior inferior part of the cerebellum

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24
Q

What supplies the posterior inferior part of the cerebellum?

A

The Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery

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25
Q

Where does the Anterior Spinal Artery come from?

A

It branches off of the Vertebral Artery

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26
Q

What does the Anterior Spinal Artery supply?

A

It supplies the anterior surface of the brainstem and spinal cord

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27
Q

What supplies the anterior surface of the brainstem and spinal cord?

A

The anterior spinal artery

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28
Q

What branches off of Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery (PICA)?

A

The Posterior Spinal Arteries

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29
Q

Where do the Posterior Spinal Arteries come from?

A

They branch off the Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Arteries (PICA)

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30
Q

What do the Posterior Spinal Arteries go?

A

They run the length of the dorsal spinal cord

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31
Q

What does the Posterior Spinal Artery Supply?

A

The Posterior Spinal Chord

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32
Q

What supplies the posterior spinal cord?

A

The Posterior Spinal Arteries

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33
Q

What Branches off of the Basilar Artery?**

A

•Anterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery (AICA)
•Pontine Arteries
•Superior Cerebellar Artery

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34
Q

Where does the Anterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery (AICA) come from?

A

It branches off the Basilar Artery

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35
Q

What does the Anterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery (AICA) supply?

A

The Anterior Inferior Cerebellum

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36
Q

What vessels supply the cerebellum?

A

•Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery (PICA)
•Anterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery (AICA)
•Superior Cerebellar Arteries

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37
Q

Where do the Pontine Arteries come from?

A

The Basilar Artery

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38
Q

What does the Pontine Artery supply?

A

The Pons

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39
Q

What supplies the Pons?

A

The Pontine Artery

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40
Q

What does the Superior Cerebellar Artery come from?

A

The Basilar Artery

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41
Q

What do the Superior Cerebellar Arteries supply?

A

The Superior part of the Cerebellum

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42
Q

What supplies the superior part of the Cerebellum?

A

The Superior Cerebellar Arteries

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43
Q

What does the Vertebral Basilar System supply?

A

•Spinal cord
•Brainstem
•Cerebellum
•Occipital lobe and underside of temporal lobe

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44
Q

What does the Posterior Cerebral Artery (PCA) Supply?

A

•Occipital lobe
•Undersurface of temporal lobe

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45
Q

What supplies the occipital lobe and the undersurface of the temporal lobe?

A

The Posterior Cerebral Artery (PCA)

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46
Q

Summary of the branching of the Vertebral-Basilar system:

A

•Vertebral arteries join together at the pontomedullary junction to create the basilar artery
•Post-inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) branches off of the vertebral arteries
•Posterior Spinal Arteries branch off the Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Arteries (PICA)
•Anterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery (AICA) branches off of Basilar Artery
•Superior Cerebellar Artery branches off of the Basilar Artery
•Basilar Artery splits into Posterior Cerebral Artery (PCA)

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47
Q

What are the vessels of the Vertebro-Basilar System?

A
  1. Vertebral Artery
  2. Basilar Artery
  3. Post Inferior Cerebellar Artery (PICA)
  4. Posterior Spinal Arteries
  5. Anterior Spinal Artery
  6. Anterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery (AICA)
  7. Pontine Artery
  8. Superior Cerebellar Artery
  9. Posterior Cerebral Artery (PCA)
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48
Q

What does the Internal Carotid Artery come from?

A

The splitting of the the common carotid in the neck

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49
Q

What does the Internal Carotid Supply?**

A

The Cerebral Cortex

50
Q

What does the Internal Carotid Artery Branch into?

A

The Middle Cerebral Artery

51
Q

Where does the Middle Cerebral Artery (MCA) come from?

A

The Internal Carotid Artery

52
Q

Where does the Middle Cerebral Artery (MCA) lie?

A

In the Sylvian fissue

53
Q

What artery lies in the Sylvian fissue?

A

The Middle Cerebral Artery (MCA)

54
Q

What does the Middle Cerebral Artery (MCA) Supply?

A

•Temporal lobe
•Frontal lobe
•Parietal lobe

55
Q

What supplies the Temporal, Frontal and Parietal lobe?

A

The Middle Cerebral Artery (MCA)

56
Q

What does the Anterior Cerebral Artery branch off of?

A

The Middle Cerebral Artery

57
Q

What does the Anterior Cerebral Artery (ACA) supply?

A

The Midsagittal section of the cerebral hemispheres

58
Q

What supplies the midsagittal section of the Cerebral Hemispheres?

A

The Anterior Cerebral Arteries (ACA)

59
Q

What is the anastomoses between the Internal Carotid system and the Vertebro-Basilar system?

A

The Posterior Communicating Artery

60
Q

What does the Posterior Communicating Artery do?

A

It is anastomoses between the Internal Carotid system and the Vertebro-Basilar system

61
Q

What connects the two Anterior Cerebral Arteries (ACA)?

A

The Anterior Communicating Artery

62
Q

What does the Anterior Communicating Artery do?

A

Serves as the anastomosis between the two Anterior Cerebral Arteries

63
Q

What branches off of the Anterior Cerebral Artery (ACA)?

A

The Medial Striate

64
Q

Where does the Medial Striate come from?

A

It branches off of the Anterior Cerebral Artery

65
Q

What does the Medial Striate do?

A

Goes along with the MCA and supplies the deep tissue (striatum)

66
Q

What vessel goes along with the Middle Cerebral Artery (MCA)?

A

The Media Striate

67
Q

What does the Medial Striate supply?

A

The deep tissues around the striatum

68
Q

What is the Striatum?

A

A part of the Basal Ganglia that is important for movement

69
Q

What supplies the Striatum?

A

The Medial Striate

70
Q

What is the good thing about Medial Striate?

A

If there is an occlusion in the MCA then it may be able to save some tissue

71
Q

Where does the Anterior Choroidal Artery make CSF?

A

The Lateral ventricles and the Third Ventricle

72
Q

What part of the brain does the MCA supply?

A

The Lateral surface

73
Q

Where does the Central Artery come from?

A

The Middle Cerebral Artery

74
Q

What does the Central Artery Supply?

A

The space between the pre-central and post-central gyrus

75
Q

What supplies the space between the Pre-central and Post-Central gyri?

A

The Central Artery that branches from the MCA

76
Q

What supplies Wernicke’s speech area?

A

The Angular Branch of the MCA

77
Q

What does the Angular Branch of the MCA supply?

A

Wernicke’s speech area

78
Q

What does the Middle Cerebral Artery (MCA) mainly supply?

A

The lateral surface of the brain’s frontal lobe
Parietal lobe
Temporal lobe

79
Q

What supplies the lateral surface of the brain frontal lobe, parietal lobe and the temporal lobe?

A

The MCA

80
Q

What are the Branches of the Middle Cerebral Artery (MCA)?

A

•Frontal Branches
•Central Artery
•Posterior Parietal Branch
•Angular Branch
•Temporal Branches

81
Q

What supplies Broca’s speech area?

A

The Middle Cerebral Arterty

82
Q

What supplies the primary motor cortex?

A

The Central Artery from the MCA

83
Q

What are the limitations to the Central Artery of the MCA?

A

It only supplies the upper limb and face of the motor and sensory cortex

84
Q

What supplies the Homunculus?

A

The Central branch of the MCA but only the face and lower limbs and the Anterior Cerebral Artery supplies the rest

85
Q

What deep parts does the MCA supply?

A

The thalamus and the basal ganglia

86
Q

What supplies the thalamus and basal ganglia?

A

The Middle Cerebral Artery

87
Q

What do the Basal Ganglia do?

A

Initiate movements and stop movements

88
Q

Big picture what does the Middle Cerebral Artery Supply?

A

•Lateral part of cerebral hemisphere
•Sensory Motor strip of upper body
•Supplies thalamus and basal ganglia

89
Q

What supplies the lateral part of the cerebral hemisphere?

A

The Middle Cerebral Artery (MCA)

90
Q

What supplies the motor strip of the upper body?

A

The Middle Cerebral Artery

91
Q

What supplies the thalamus and basal ganglia?

A

Middle Cerebral Artery

92
Q

What is the most common area for infarcts and aneurysms?

A

The middle cerebral artery

93
Q

In general what does the Anterior Cerebral Artery (ACA) supply?

A

The medial aspect of the brain

94
Q

What lobes are supplied by the Anterior Cerebral Artery?

A

Frontal and Parietal Lobes

95
Q

What supplies the frontal and parietal lobes?

A

The anterior cerebral artery

96
Q

Where does the Callosomarginal Artery come from?

A

The ACA

97
Q

What does the Callosomarginal Artery supply?

A

It supplies the the paracentral lobule which is where the sensory and motor cortex for the the below the trunk is housed

98
Q

What supplies the paracentral lobule (the homunculus area for the lower limbs)

A

The Callosomarginal Artery a branch of the ACA

99
Q

What are the main points of the ACA?

A

•Major blood vessel for the medial part of the cerebral hemisphere
•Supplies sensory and motorstrip for the lower body
•Also common area for infarcts and aneurysms

100
Q

What does the posterior cerebral artery supply?

A

The medial aspects of the temporal lobe and occipital lobe

101
Q

What supplies the medial aspects of the temporal lobe and occipital lobe?

A

The Posterior Cerebral Artery

102
Q

What supplies the primary visual cortex?

A

The Posterior Cerebral Artery through the calcarine sulcus

103
Q

What is Watershed?

A

The distal most branches of the main arteries overlap but if an individual is losing a lot of blood they do not get perfusion so those parts of the brain do not get a lot of perfusion

104
Q

What is Cerebrovascular disease?

A

The narrowing, rupture and blockage of blood vessels

105
Q

What is Atherosclerotic disease?

A

Accumulation of plaque build-up that narrow the blood vessels and contributes the blockages

106
Q

What is the end result of Cerebrovascular disease?

A

The brain is deprived of oxygen which leads to necrosis

107
Q

What is the result when brain tissue dies?

A

Necrotic brain tissue releases its content which affects healthy brain tissue and evokes an inflammatory response and brain swells

108
Q

What are the two types of infarcts?

A

Ischemic Infarct and Hemorrhagic infarct

109
Q

What is Ischemic Infarct due to?

A

A blockage

110
Q

What is a hemorrhagic infarct due to?

A

A rupture (aneurysm or trauma)

111
Q

What type of infarcts are the majority of infarcts?

A

Ischemic infarcts

112
Q

What are the two main types of Hemorrhagic strokes?

A

•Intracerebral Hemorrhage
•Subcranial Hemorrhage

113
Q

What is an Intracerebral Stroke?

A

When a blood vessel ruptures inside the brain

114
Q

What is a Subarachnoid Hemmorage?

A

An aneurysm in the subarachnoid space where blood vessels lie. Bordered by the Pia and the subarachnoid mater

115
Q

What is an Epidural Hemmorage?

A

When a blood vessel at the middle meningeal artery or vein ruptures and blood accumulates about or between the dura

116
Q

What is a Subdural Hemmorage?

A

When bridging veins rupture and blood accumulates above the arachnoid mater and below the pia mater

117
Q

What is a Subarachnoid Hemmorage?

A

When an aneurysm occurs usually at the base of the brain and blood accumulates under the arachnoid mater

118
Q

What is an Intracerebral hemorrhage?

A

When a rupture occurs and blood accumulates within the brain

119
Q

What are the four types of hemorrhages?

A

•Epidural
•Subdural
•Subarachnoid
•Intracerebral

120
Q

What is the pathway from the Cavernous sinuses?

A

It flows into the transverse sinus and into the sigmoid sinus

Neuro 3 (21 decks)

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