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Neuro 3 > Lecture 3: Meninges and Ventricles > Flashcards

Lecture 3: Meninges and Ventricles Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Brain protected by?

A

•Bone
•Meninges
•CSF

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2
Q

What do the Meninges do?

A

Stabilize the shape and position of the brain

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3
Q

What are the three layers of the Meninges?

A

•Dura mater
•Arachnoid mater
•Pia mater

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4
Q

What blood vessel is sandwiched between the Dura mater?

A

The middle meningeal artery

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5
Q

What kind of tissue are the meninges made of?

A

Epithelium with tight junctions

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6
Q

Where are the blood vessels in association to the Arachnoid mater?

A

Blood vessels are below it in the subarachnoid space

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7
Q

Where does the CSF sit in terms of the Meninges?

A

In the subarachnoid space below the Arachnoid Mater

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8
Q

What sits in the Subarachnoid Space?

A

•Blood Vessels
•CSF

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9
Q

How many layers does the Dura Mater have?

A

Two

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10
Q

What is the Dura Mater attached to?

A

The skull

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11
Q

What is the Falx Cerebri?

A

The two layers of Dura Mater in the longitudinal fissure

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12
Q

Describe the Falx Cerebri

A

Instead of being the cortical layer and the Periosteal layer, the Dura mater involutes in the longitudinal fissure to remain two-layered while the cortical layer stays above

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13
Q

What is the Crista Galli?

A

The attachment of the Falx Cerebri to the front of the head

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14
Q

Where does the Dura Mater attach to the bone?

A

At the front it is attached by the Crista Galli and at the back it is attached by the internal occipital protuberance

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15
Q

How is the Dura Matter affected by fissures?

A

Every time there is a fissure, the two layers of Dura are from the inner layer of the Dura Mater

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16
Q

What is the Tentorium Cerebelli?

A

The two layers of Dura Mater formed by the inner layer of the Dura Mater where the cerebellum meets the occipital lobe

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17
Q

What are the functions of the Dura Mater?

A

To protect the brain and to aid in venous drainage

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18
Q

How does the Arachnoid Mater affect the CSF?

A

It helps it to drain back into the venous system

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19
Q

What is the difference in fluids between the Dura Mater and the Arachnoid Mater?

A

Dura Mater - Venous Drainage
Arachnoid Mater - CSF Drainage

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20
Q

What do Arachnoid Granulations do?

A

They allow the CSF to leave the subarachnoid space and enter the venous drainage

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21
Q

Why is the space between the arachnoid mater and the pia dura mater known as a potential space?

A

Because if something accumulates there it is not good

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22
Q

What prevents the Arachnoid Mater from collapsing onto the Pia Mater?

A

Arachnoid Trabeculae

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23
Q

What do Arachnoid Trabeculae do?

A

They prevent the Arachnoid Mater from collapsing onto the Pia Mater and maintain the subarachnoid space

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24
Q

What are the spaces between the two layers of Dura at fissures filled with?

A

Venous return

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25
Q

Where does venous return in the subarachnoid space go?

A

Into the Dural Sinuses at fissures

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26
Q

What is found in the Dural Sinuses and how do they get there?

A

•CSF from the subarachnoid space through Arachnoid Granulation
•Blood from the Subarachnoid blood vessels

27
Q

What are the three layers of the Meninges in the Brain?

A

•Dura Mater
•Arachnoid Mater
•Pia Mater

28
Q

What is the difference between the Dura Mater in the Brain and Spine?

A

Brain: Dura Mater is double-layered and attached to the inner calvarial surface (bone)
Spinal Meninges: Dura Mater is single-layered and suspended in the vertebral canal

29
Q

What is the difference between the Epidural space in the Brain and Spine?

A

Brain: Epidural space between periosteum and calvaria
Spinal Cord: Epidural space between dura and vertebral periosteum

30
Q

What is the difference between what is attached to the Dura Mater in the Brain and Spine?

A

Brain: Arachnoid Villi is attached to the Dura Mater
Spinal Meninges: Arachnoid mater attached to Dura Mater

31
Q

What is the difference between the Pia Mater in the Brain and Spine?

A

Brain: Pia Mater attached to the brain surface
Spine: Pia Mater attached to spinal cord and also to dura/arachnoid through denticulate ligaments

32
Q

What do Denticulate Ligaments do?

A

The pia attachments to the arachnoid mater and the dura mater

33
Q

What level of the spine does the Dura extend?

A

It goes down to about the S2 level but the spinal cord continues down the vertebral column. The dural sac goes down to the sacrum

34
Q

What does the Venous Return include?

A

Dural Sinuses and Major Vein of the Brain

35
Q

How does blood from the veins in the Subarachnoid Space leave and enter the Dural Sinues?

A

They pierce the inner layer of the Dura Mater and blood flows out of the vein and into the trough

36
Q

What are Bridging veins?

A

The name for the veins from the time they exit the subarachnoid space and before the fuse with the inner dural layer

37
Q

Where does the Tentorium Cerebelli go?

A

It folds on itself over top of the cerebellum and underneath the occipital lobe then wraps around the cerebellum

38
Q

What is the Superior Sagittal Sinus?

A

The sinus created by in the longitudinal fissure where venous return goes

39
Q

What is the Sigmoid Sinus?

A

The sinus created by the tentorium cerebelli at the point of the cerebellum and the occipital lobe that venous return drains into

40
Q

What is the pathway that blood gets back to the heart from bridging veins?

A

•Bridging vein
•Superior sagittal sinus
•Confluence of sinuses
•Transverse sinus
•Jugular

41
Q

What is Inferior Sagittal Sinus?

A

The Sinus created by the falx cerebri folding over itself in the left and right hemispheres of the brain

42
Q

What is the Inferior Sagittal Sinus made by?

A

The Falx Cerebri

43
Q

What sinus is made by the Tentorium Cerebelli?

A

The straight sinus

44
Q

What is the venous return for the pathway of inner structures of the brain?

A

•Great cerebral vein
•Straight sinus
•Confluence of Sinuses
•Transverse sinus
•Jugular foramen
•Internal jugular vein

45
Q

How does the blood from the Pituitary Gland return back to the heart?

A

•Cavernous sinus
•Superior and Inferior Petrosal Sinuses
•Transverse Sinus
•Sigmoid Sinus
•Jugular vein

46
Q

What are the three main sinuses?

A

•Superior Sagittal Sinus
•Transverse Sinus
•Cavernous Sinus

47
Q

What are the two types of conditions involving the Dura Mater?

A

•Epidural hematoma
•Subdural hematoma

48
Q

What is it called if blood accumulates above the Dura Mater?

A

It is an epidural hematoma

49
Q

What is a Subdural Hematoma?

A

When blood accumulates between the arachnoid mater and the dura mater

50
Q

What is the Dura Mater supplied by?

A

The Middle Meningeal Artery

51
Q

Where does the Middle Meningeal Artery arise from?

A

A branch of the external carotid that supplies the neck face region

52
Q

Why is the Middle Meningeal Artery susceptible?

A

Because four bones connect directly overtop, creating a weak spot

53
Q

What causes an Epidural Hematoma?

A

A ruptured middle meningeal artery

54
Q

Where is the Dura mater attached to the skull?

A

The Crista Galli and the Internal Occipital Protuberance

55
Q

What causes a Subdural Hematoma?

A

The movement of the brain causing shearing on the bridging which allows blood to enter the space above the arachnoid mater and below the dura mater

56
Q

Which lobe does the lateral ventricles go into?

A

They go into all the lobes of the brain

57
Q

What do the two interventricular foramina do?

A

Allows CSF into third ventricle

58
Q

How does CSF get into the subarachnoid space?

A

Through holes in the fourth ventricle

59
Q

What is the interventricular foramen of monro?

A

The connection between the third ventricle and the lateral ventricle

60
Q

What is the Cerebral aqueduct?

A

Where CSF flows from the third ventricle to the fourth ventricle

61
Q

What is the path of the Anterior Choroidal Artery?

A

The internal carotid artery goes to the third ventricle then goes through the intervertebral foramen of Monro and into the lateral ventricle to make CSF

62
Q

Which ventricles does the choroid plexus supply?

A

The lateral and third ventricle

63
Q

How does CSF leave the ventricle and go to the subarachnoid space?

A

Through holes in the fourth ventricles called the Median Apertures and Lateral Aperture

Neuro 3 (21 decks)

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