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Neuro 3 > Lecture 3: Meninges and Ventricles > Flashcards

Lecture 3: Meninges and Ventricles Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Brain protected by?

A

•Bone
•Meninges
•CSF

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2
Q

What do the Meninges do?

A

Stabilize the shape and position of the brain

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3
Q

What are the three layers of the Meninges?

A

•Dura mater
•Arachnoid mater
•Pia mater

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4
Q

What blood vessel is sandwiched between the Dura mater?

A

The middle meningeal artery

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5
Q

What kind of tissue are the meninges made of?

A

Epithelium with tight junctions

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6
Q

Where are the blood vessels in association to the Arachnoid mater?

A

Blood vessels are below it in the subarachnoid space

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7
Q

Where does the CSF sit in terms of the Meninges?

A

In the subarachnoid space below the Arachnoid Mater

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8
Q

What sits in the Subarachnoid Space?

A

•Blood Vessels
•CSF

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9
Q

How many layers does the Dura Mater have?

A

Two

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10
Q

What is the Dura Mater attached to?

A

The skull

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11
Q

What is the Falx Cerebri?

A

The two layers of Dura Mater in the longitudinal fissure

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12
Q

Describe the Falx Cerebri

A

Instead of being the cortical layer and the Periosteal layer, the Dura mater involutes in the longitudinal fissure to remain two-layered while the cortical layer stays above

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13
Q

What is the Crista Galli?

A

The attachment of the Falx Cerebri to the front of the head

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14
Q

Where does the Dura Mater attach to the bone?

A

At the front it is attached by the Crista Galli and at the back it is attached by the internal occipital protuberance

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15
Q

How is the Dura Matter affected by fissures?

A

Every time there is a fissure, the two layers of Dura are from the inner layer of the Dura Mater

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16
Q

What is the Tentorium Cerebelli?

A

The two layers of Dura Mater formed by the inner layer of the Dura Mater where the cerebellum meets the occipital lobe

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17
Q

What are the functions of the Dura Mater?

A

To protect the brain and to aid in venous drainage

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18
Q

How does the Arachnoid Mater affect the CSF?

A

It helps it to drain back into the venous system

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19
Q

What is the difference in fluids between the Dura Mater and the Arachnoid Mater?

A

Dura Mater - Venous Drainage
Arachnoid Mater - CSF Drainage

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20
Q

What do Arachnoid Granulations do?

A

They allow the CSF to leave the subarachnoid space and enter the venous drainage

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21
Q

Why is the space between the arachnoid mater and the pia dura mater known as a potential space?

A

Because if something accumulates there it is not good

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22
Q

What prevents the Arachnoid Mater from collapsing onto the Pia Mater?

A

Arachnoid Trabeculae

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23
Q

What do Arachnoid Trabeculae do?

A

They prevent the Arachnoid Mater from collapsing onto the Pia Mater and maintain the subarachnoid space

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24
Q

What are the spaces between the two layers of Dura at fissures filled with?

A

Venous return

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25
Where does venous return in the subarachnoid space go?
Into the Dural Sinuses at fissures
26
What is found in the Dural Sinuses and how do they get there?
•CSF from the subarachnoid space through Arachnoid Granulation •Blood from the Subarachnoid blood vessels
27
What are the three layers of the Meninges in the Brain?
•Dura Mater •Arachnoid Mater •Pia Mater
28
What is the difference between the Dura Mater in the Brain and Spine?
Brain: Dura Mater is double-layered and attached to the inner calvarial surface (bone) Spinal Meninges: Dura Mater is single-layered and suspended in the vertebral canal
29
What is the difference between the Epidural space in the Brain and Spine?
Brain: Epidural space between periosteum and calvaria Spinal Cord: Epidural space between dura and vertebral periosteum
30
What is the difference between what is attached to the Dura Mater in the Brain and Spine?
Brain: Arachnoid Villi is attached to the Dura Mater Spinal Meninges: Arachnoid mater attached to Dura Mater
31
What is the difference between the Pia Mater in the Brain and Spine?
Brain: Pia Mater attached to the brain surface Spine: Pia Mater attached to spinal cord and also to dura/arachnoid through denticulate ligaments
32
What do Denticulate Ligaments do?
The pia attachments to the arachnoid mater and the dura mater
33
What level of the spine does the Dura extend?
It goes down to about the S2 level but the spinal cord continues down the vertebral column. The dural sac goes down to the sacrum
34
What does the Venous Return include?
Dural Sinuses and Major Vein of the Brain
35
How does blood from the veins in the Subarachnoid Space leave and enter the Dural Sinues?
They pierce the inner layer of the Dura Mater and blood flows out of the vein and into the trough
36
What are Bridging veins?
The name for the veins from the time they exit the subarachnoid space and before the fuse with the inner dural layer
37
Where does the Tentorium Cerebelli go?
It folds on itself over top of the cerebellum and underneath the occipital lobe then wraps around the cerebellum
38
What is the Superior Sagittal Sinus?
The sinus created by in the longitudinal fissure where venous return goes
39
What is the Sigmoid Sinus?
The sinus created by the tentorium cerebelli at the point of the cerebellum and the occipital lobe that venous return drains into
40
What is the pathway that blood gets back to the heart from bridging veins?
•Bridging vein •Superior sagittal sinus •Confluence of sinuses •Transverse sinus •Jugular
41
What is Inferior Sagittal Sinus?
The Sinus created by the falx cerebri folding over itself in the left and right hemispheres of the brain
42
What is the Inferior Sagittal Sinus made by?
The Falx Cerebri
43
What sinus is made by the Tentorium Cerebelli?
The straight sinus
44
What is the venous return for the pathway of inner structures of the brain?
•Great cerebral vein •Straight sinus •Confluence of Sinuses •Transverse sinus •Jugular foramen •Internal jugular vein
45
How does the blood from the Pituitary Gland return back to the heart?
•Cavernous sinus •Superior and Inferior Petrosal Sinuses •Transverse Sinus •Sigmoid Sinus •Jugular vein
46
What are the three main sinuses?
•Superior Sagittal Sinus •Transverse Sinus •Cavernous Sinus
47
What are the two types of conditions involving the Dura Mater?
•Epidural hematoma •Subdural hematoma
48
What is it called if blood accumulates above the Dura Mater?
It is an epidural hematoma
49
What is a Subdural Hematoma?
When blood accumulates between the arachnoid mater and the dura mater
50
What is the Dura Mater supplied by?
The Middle Meningeal Artery
51
Where does the Middle Meningeal Artery arise from?
A branch of the external carotid that supplies the neck face region
52
Why is the Middle Meningeal Artery susceptible?
Because four bones connect directly overtop, creating a weak spot
53
What causes an Epidural Hematoma?
A ruptured middle meningeal artery
54
Where is the Dura mater attached to the skull?
The Crista Galli and the Internal Occipital Protuberance
55
What causes a Subdural Hematoma?
The movement of the brain causing shearing on the bridging which allows blood to enter the space above the arachnoid mater and below the dura mater
56
Which lobe does the lateral ventricles go into?
They go into all the lobes of the brain
57
What do the two interventricular foramina do?
Allows CSF into third ventricle
58
How does CSF get into the subarachnoid space?
Through holes in the fourth ventricle
59
What is the interventricular foramen of monro?
The connection between the third ventricle and the lateral ventricle
60
What is the Cerebral aqueduct?
Where CSF flows from the third ventricle to the fourth ventricle
61
What is the path of the Anterior Choroidal Artery?
The internal carotid artery goes to the third ventricle then goes through the intervertebral foramen of Monro and into the lateral ventricle to make CSF
62
Which ventricles does the choroid plexus supply?
The lateral and third ventricle
63
How does CSF leave the ventricle and go to the subarachnoid space?
Through holes in the fourth ventricles called the Median Apertures and Lateral Aperture

Neuro 3 (21 decks)

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