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Neuro 3 > Lecture 2: Development and Meninges > Flashcards

Lecture 2: Development and Meninges Flashcards

1
Q

Which part of gastrulation does neurulation occur?

A

A the later part of gastrulation

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2
Q

What is the Notochord?

A

A tissue that signals the ectoderm to involute and become the CNS

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3
Q

What signals the Ectoderm to involute?

A

Protein signals from the Notochord

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4
Q

What is the Neural fold?

A

The part of the Ectoderm that involutes

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5
Q

What is the Neural Plate?

A

The part of the ectoderm that involutes and become nervous tissue

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6
Q

What happens after the Ectoderm involutes?

A

It becomes the neural tube

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7
Q

What does the Neural tube become?

A

The developing CNS

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8
Q

What does the Neural tube arise from?

A

The Ectoderm

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9
Q

What does the CNS arise from?

A

Ectoderm

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10
Q

What does the Neural Crest form?

A

The entire PNS

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11
Q

Why does the Neural crest form?

A

Because it does not receive as many signals the cells in the centre

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12
Q

What does the area of the ectoderm that did not receive any signals from the notochord become?

A

The epidermis

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13
Q

What does the Ectoderm form?

A

PNS (neural crest), CNS (neural tube) and Epidermis

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14
Q

What does the Somite do?

A

Signals to the neural crest cells if it is going to become the PNS or another cell type like the cells in the skin

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15
Q

What does the space in the neural tube become?

A

The ventricles of the brain

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16
Q

What do the Somites do?

A

They signal for the neural crest cells to become part of the PNS

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17
Q

What does the Neural tube become?

A

Either the spinal cord or the brain

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18
Q

What kind of cells can the neural crest cells become?

A

•Unipolar sensory neurons
•Glial cells (Microglial cells, Schwann cells and Satelite Glial cells)

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19
Q

Overall what does the Ectoderm form?

A

•Neural tube (CNS - Brain and Spinal cord)
•Neural Crest (Sensory neurons and glial cells)
•Epidermis (Skin)

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20
Q

What Glial cells come from the Neural Crest cells?

A

•Microglial cells
•Schwann cells
•Satellite Glial cells

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21
Q

Where are cell bodies of motor neurons?

A

In the spinal cord

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22
Q

What do Motor neurons originate from?

A

The Neural tube because they originate from the CNS

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23
Q

What cells originate from the neural tube?

A

•Motor neurons
•Cortical neurons
•Oligodendrocytes
•Microglia
•Astrocytes
•Ependymal cells

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24
Q

Which microglial cells originate in the neural tube?

A

•Oligodendrocytes
•Microglia
•Astrocytes
•Ependymal cells

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25
Which neurons originate from the neural tube?
•Cortical neurons •Motor neurons
26
What does each type of glial cell originate from?
Neural Crest •Microglial •Satellite •Schwann Neural Tube •Oligodendrocyte •Schwann •Microglia? •Astrocytes •Ependymal cells
27
What are the components of Primary Expansion?
•Forebrain •Midbrain •Hindbrain
28
What is the other names for the Forebrain, Midbrain and Hindbrain?
Forebrain - Prosencephalon Midbrain - Mesencephalon Hindbrain Rhombencephalon
29
What does the Forebrain divide into?
The Telencephalon and the Diencephalon
30
What do the Telencephalon and Diencephalon originate from?
The Forebrain
31
What does the Midbrain divide into?
It does not divide
32
What does the Hindbrain divide into?
The Metencephalon and the Myelencephalon
33
What does the Metencephalon and Myelencephalon originate from?
The Hindbrain
34
Which part of the secondary expansion divides the most?
The Telencephalon
35
What comes from the Diencephalon?
The optic cup
36
Where does the optic cup come from?
The Diencephalon
37
What does the Metencephalon become?
The cerebellum and pons
38
What do the cerebellum and pons originate from?
The Metencephalon
39
What does the Myelencephalon become?
The Medulla
40
Where does the Medulla originate?
The Myelencephalon
41
What happens to the Telencephalon during growth?
It encapsulates the diencephalon
42
What does the Longitudinal fissure divide?
The left and right hemispheres of the brain
43
What does the central sulcus divide?
The frontal lobe and the parietal lobe
44
What does the Lateral (Sylvian fissure) divide?
The frontal and parietal lobe from the Temporal lobe
45
What is in front of the central sulcus?
The precentral gyrus
46
What is behind the central sulcus?
The postcentral gyrus
47
What lobe is the precentral gyrus in?
The Frontal lobe
48
What lobe is the postcentral gyrus in?
Parietal lobe
49
What is contained in the precentral gyrus?
The primary motor cortex
50
What is contained in the postcentral gyrus?
The primary somatosensory cortex
51
What dies the Parieto-occipital sulcus divide?
The parietal lobe and the occipital lobeq
52
What does the occipital lobe house?
The primary visual cortex
53
What does the temporal lobe house?
The primary auditory cortex
54
What do the Thalamus and Hypothalamus originate from?
The diencephalon
55
What does the Telencephalon and Diencephalon (Prosencephalon collectively) give rise to?
•Cerebral cortex •Thalamus •Hypothalamus
56
What develops from the metencephalon?
The cerebellum and the pons
57
What do the cerebellum and pons originate from?
The metencephalon
58
What is included in the hindbrain?
The Pons, Cerebellum and Medulla
59
What is the Thalamus?
A relay station that any neuronal information stops at before going to the cortex
60
What information does not stop at the Thalamus?
Olfaction
61
What does the Cerebellar cortex do?
Helps coordinate movements in real time
62
What does the basal ganglia do?
Helps start and stop movements
63
What sits in front of the Primary motor cortex?
The Premotor cortex
64
What does the Premotor cortex do?
Decides the movements
65
What does the back part of the frontal cortex do?
Plans and executes movements
66
What happens in the Prefrontal Association cortex?
•Personality •Decision making •Uniqueness
67
What does Broca's motor speech area do?
The area of the brain that coordinates the movement of speech
68
What does Wernicke's area do?
Understands words
69
What is the Basal Ganglia?
A cluster of cell bodies that helps coordinate voluntary movement
70
What is the Brain protected by?
•Bone •Meninges •CSF
71
What are the three meninges?
•Dura mater •Arachnoid mater •Pia mater
72
What is the Hardest Meninges?
The Dura mater
73
How do you know your looking at arachnoid mater?
Anytime you look through the brain and see blood vessels you are looking through the arachnoid mater
74
What is the Dura Mater stitched to?
The skull
75
What is the Dura Mater supplied by?
The Middle Meningeal Artery
76
What is the CSF between?
The Pia Mater and the overlapping Arachnoid Mater
77
What is the Falx Cerebri?
The Dura mater between the two hemispheres
78
Where is the Dura Mater attached to the Skull?
Crista Galli and internal occipital bone tuberance

Neuro 3 (21 decks)

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