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Neuro 3 > Lecture 2: Development and Meninges > Flashcards

Lecture 2: Development and Meninges Flashcards

1
Q

Which part of gastrulation does neurulation occur?

A

A the later part of gastrulation

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2
Q

What is the Notochord?

A

A tissue that signals the ectoderm to involute and become the CNS

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3
Q

What signals the Ectoderm to involute?

A

Protein signals from the Notochord

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4
Q

What is the Neural fold?

A

The part of the Ectoderm that involutes

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5
Q

What is the Neural Plate?

A

The part of the ectoderm that involutes and become nervous tissue

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6
Q

What happens after the Ectoderm involutes?

A

It becomes the neural tube

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7
Q

What does the Neural tube become?

A

The developing CNS

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8
Q

What does the Neural tube arise from?

A

The Ectoderm

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9
Q

What does the CNS arise from?

A

Ectoderm

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10
Q

What does the Neural Crest form?

A

The entire PNS

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11
Q

Why does the Neural crest form?

A

Because it does not receive as many signals the cells in the centre

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12
Q

What does the area of the ectoderm that did not receive any signals from the notochord become?

A

The epidermis

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13
Q

What does the Ectoderm form?

A

PNS (neural crest), CNS (neural tube) and Epidermis

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14
Q

What does the Somite do?

A

Signals to the neural crest cells if it is going to become the PNS or another cell type like the cells in the skin

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15
Q

What does the space in the neural tube become?

A

The ventricles of the brain

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16
Q

What do the Somites do?

A

They signal for the neural crest cells to become part of the PNS

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17
Q

What does the Neural tube become?

A

Either the spinal cord or the brain

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18
Q

What kind of cells can the neural crest cells become?

A

•Unipolar sensory neurons
•Glial cells (Microglial cells, Schwann cells and Satelite Glial cells)

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19
Q

Overall what does the Ectoderm form?

A

•Neural tube (CNS - Brain and Spinal cord)
•Neural Crest (Sensory neurons and glial cells)
•Epidermis (Skin)

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20
Q

What Glial cells come from the Neural Crest cells?

A

•Microglial cells
•Schwann cells
•Satellite Glial cells

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21
Q

Where are cell bodies of motor neurons?

A

In the spinal cord

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22
Q

What do Motor neurons originate from?

A

The Neural tube because they originate from the CNS

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23
Q

What cells originate from the neural tube?

A

•Motor neurons
•Cortical neurons
•Oligodendrocytes
•Microglia
•Astrocytes
•Ependymal cells

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24
Q

Which microglial cells originate in the neural tube?

A

•Oligodendrocytes
•Microglia
•Astrocytes
•Ependymal cells

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25
Q

Which neurons originate from the neural tube?

A

•Cortical neurons
•Motor neurons

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26
Q

What does each type of glial cell originate from?

A

Neural Crest
•Microglial
•Satellite
•Schwann
Neural Tube
•Oligodendrocyte
•Schwann
•Microglia?
•Astrocytes
•Ependymal cells

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27
Q

What are the components of Primary Expansion?

A

•Forebrain
•Midbrain
•Hindbrain

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28
Q

What is the other names for the Forebrain, Midbrain and Hindbrain?

A

Forebrain - Prosencephalon
Midbrain - Mesencephalon
Hindbrain Rhombencephalon

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29
Q

What does the Forebrain divide into?

A

The Telencephalon and the Diencephalon

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30
Q

What do the Telencephalon and Diencephalon originate from?

A

The Forebrain

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31
Q

What does the Midbrain divide into?

A

It does not divide

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32
Q

What does the Hindbrain divide into?

A

The Metencephalon and the Myelencephalon

33
Q

What does the Metencephalon and Myelencephalon originate from?

A

The Hindbrain

34
Q

Which part of the secondary expansion divides the most?

A

The Telencephalon

35
Q

What comes from the Diencephalon?

A

The optic cup

36
Q

Where does the optic cup come from?

A

The Diencephalon

37
Q

What does the Metencephalon become?

A

The cerebellum and pons

38
Q

What do the cerebellum and pons originate from?

A

The Metencephalon

39
Q

What does the Myelencephalon become?

A

The Medulla

40
Q

Where does the Medulla originate?

A

The Myelencephalon

41
Q

What happens to the Telencephalon during growth?

A

It encapsulates the diencephalon

42
Q

What does the Longitudinal fissure divide?

A

The left and right hemispheres of the brain

43
Q

What does the central sulcus divide?

A

The frontal lobe and the parietal lobe

44
Q

What does the Lateral (Sylvian fissure) divide?

A

The frontal and parietal lobe from the Temporal lobe

45
Q

What is in front of the central sulcus?

A

The precentral gyrus

46
Q

What is behind the central sulcus?

A

The postcentral gyrus

47
Q

What lobe is the precentral gyrus in?

A

The Frontal lobe

48
Q

What lobe is the postcentral gyrus in?

A

Parietal lobe

49
Q

What is contained in the precentral gyrus?

A

The primary motor cortex

50
Q

What is contained in the postcentral gyrus?

A

The primary somatosensory cortex

51
Q

What dies the Parieto-occipital sulcus divide?

A

The parietal lobe and the occipital lobeq

52
Q

What does the occipital lobe house?

A

The primary visual cortex

53
Q

What does the temporal lobe house?

A

The primary auditory cortex

54
Q

What do the Thalamus and Hypothalamus originate from?

A

The diencephalon

55
Q

What does the Telencephalon and Diencephalon (Prosencephalon collectively) give rise to?

A

•Cerebral cortex
•Thalamus
•Hypothalamus

56
Q

What develops from the metencephalon?

A

The cerebellum and the pons

57
Q

What do the cerebellum and pons originate from?

A

The metencephalon

58
Q

What is included in the hindbrain?

A

The Pons, Cerebellum and Medulla

59
Q

What is the Thalamus?

A

A relay station that any neuronal information stops at before going to the cortex

60
Q

What information does not stop at the Thalamus?

A

Olfaction

61
Q

What does the Cerebellar cortex do?

A

Helps coordinate movements in real time

62
Q

What does the basal ganglia do?

A

Helps start and stop movements

63
Q

What sits in front of the Primary motor cortex?

A

The Premotor cortex

64
Q

What does the Premotor cortex do?

A

Decides the movements

65
Q

What does the back part of the frontal cortex do?

A

Plans and executes movements

66
Q

What happens in the Prefrontal Association cortex?

A

•Personality
•Decision making
•Uniqueness

67
Q

What does Broca’s motor speech area do?

A

The area of the brain that coordinates the movement of speech

68
Q

What does Wernicke’s area do?

A

Understands words

69
Q

What is the Basal Ganglia?

A

A cluster of cell bodies that helps coordinate voluntary movement

70
Q

What is the Brain protected by?

A

•Bone
•Meninges
•CSF

71
Q

What are the three meninges?

A

•Dura mater
•Arachnoid mater
•Pia mater

72
Q

What is the Hardest Meninges?

A

The Dura mater

73
Q

How do you know your looking at arachnoid mater?

A

Anytime you look through the brain and see blood vessels you are looking through the arachnoid mater

74
Q

What is the Dura Mater stitched to?

A

The skull

75
Q

What is the Dura Mater supplied by?

A

The Middle Meningeal Artery

76
Q

What is the CSF between?

A

The Pia Mater and the overlapping Arachnoid Mater

77
Q

What is the Falx Cerebri?

A

The Dura mater between the two hemispheres

78
Q

Where is the Dura Mater attached to the Skull?

A

Crista Galli and internal occipital bone tuberance

Neuro 3 (21 decks)

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